Ella Enchanted Gender Movie Review

Ella Enchanted is a 2004 British-American film based on Gail Carson Levine's 1997  novel Ella Enchanted. The book itself is based upon Cinderella but now with the addition of mythical creatures like ogres, elves, and fairies. It has been said by critics that Ella Enchanted, the movie, varies so much from the book that people should be â€Å"regarding the movie as a separate creative act. † The movie follows Ella who was given â€Å"the gift of obedience† by her fairy god mother as a child.She spends most of the movie being controlled by various characters, from her step-sisters to the king of the kingdom. The main plot point of the novel is her journey to get the spell reversed which in the end she releases herself from the spell and then helps the prince. Anne Hathaway plays Ella and Hugh Dancy plays Prince Charmont, who end up getting married. For how terrible this movie was, they did well with what they had to work with.This movie aims for  Princess Bride  self -awareness and the kind of anachronistic comedy lately popularized by the  Shrek  movies  but rooted in the British stage â€Å"panto† tradition. There were cheesy dance numbers and a couple oddly placed outbursts of song, despite the fact that this isn’t a musical. Or at least it wasn’t for most of the production. Anne and Hugh had great chemistry, which was essential because they end up getting married in the end after they fall in love after a disgustingly short amount of time. Both had what their specific role called for and a good comedic timing.Anne has the child-like purity but also the confidence and smarts of a mature young woman that was needed to play a 19-year old where Hugh had the charisma, looks and intelligence to be the believable heir to a kingdom. The actual film itself was horrendous. The use of green screens and special effects to create the setting and the creatures like giants and ogres were trivial and very primary. Elves are just J ewish guys in green tights. Giants are normal people (some of them in mini-skirts) projected up on a green screen behind the primary actors.Ogres are fat guys with blue spray paint on their heads. They tried to make this fairy tale more relatable to modern times by changing the wardrobe from actual medieval wear to tacky 70s rip offs for the ladies and cartoon-ish attire for the men. Incorporating modern technology into this movie didn’t help it any either. With a crank-powered wooden escalator to an emergency button that dropped ninjas from the roof (that resembles the likes of a fire alarm), it was tacky and confusing. Though,  Ella Enchanted  avoids a misstep common mong girl-empowerment flicks, which often feel compelled to emasculate the male lead in order to make the heroine truly heroic. This approach backfires, of course, since it’s unsatisfying for the heroine to wind up with a wimp who doesn’t deserve her; she needs a  worthy  suitor. The film satirizes the teen-idol-worship culture of its own target audience with scenes of screaming maidens swooning over dashing Prince Char, while the more sensible Ella protests injustices committed by Char’s nefarious uncle.Of course Char is intrigued by Ella’s lack of interest in him, and she in turn begins to respond to his attentions. Ella is meant to be seen as a feminist-like character that cares about equal rights and disinterested in appealing to the prince with her appearance or actions, which is pretty cool to see in a children’s film. Seeing how the book is based on Cinderella, I think it’s quite an improvement in role models. Cinderella was just obedient and cried a lot but Ella works to fix her issues determinedly.

Bipolar Disorder Essay

What is Bipolar Disorder? A Brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in moods Also known as manic-depressive disorder It consists of manic episodes, depressive episodes, and/or hypomanic episodes People with bipolar disorder are also usually diagnosed with anxiety, attention deficit disorder, substance abuse, or physical health problems There are three types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I Disorder – diagnostic criteria At least one manic episode May or may not have had a depressive episode There are more specific subcategories because it varies from person to person Bipolar II Disorder – criteria At least one hypomanic episode (not fully manic) At least one major depressive episode There are also more specific subcategories Cyclothymic Disorder – criteria Numerous hypomanic episodes Periods of depression Never have a full manic or major depressive episode Symptoms must last 2 yrs. or more and they can’t go away for more than 2 months What is a manic episode? A manic episode is a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, irritable, or expansive moods that last at least one week. To be considered a manic episode the mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty at work, school, or social activities Symptoms are not due to the direct effects of other things like drug use, other medications, or having a medical condition What is a hypomanic episode? A hypomanic episode is a distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days. The mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause a noticeable change in functioning The episode is not severe enough to cause significant difficulty at work, school, or in social activities Symptoms are not due to the effects of something else such as drug use or other medications What is a depressive episode? A depressive episode is a period of major depression not caused by grieving Major depressive episode usually occurs directly after the manic episode ends Treatment Bipolar Disorder requires lifelong treatment – even during times when there are no symptoms Treatment is typically guided by a psychiatrist Primary treatment includes medications, individual counseling, and support groups Risk Factors Blood relative with Bipolar Disorder Periods of high stress Teens through mid-20s Drug and alcohol use Major life changes Statistics on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder affects about 5.7 millions adults in America (about 2.6% of the U.S. population) Median age of onset is 25 years old It is seen almost equally in men and women More than 2/3 of people with Bipolar Disorder have at least one close relative with the disorder Bipolar is the 6th leading cause of disability in the world 1 in 5 patients with Bipolar Disorder commits suicide 9.2 year reduction in expected life span

Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compliance - Essay Example Additionally, SOX might affect the company’s information systems that entail information security and IT organisation (Spears, 2009). SOX might define the executive’s accountability for IT irregularities and the need for modern information systems in the company. SOX may influence information systems at Wobbly Wheels (WW) Distribution Company. SOX issue may compel the executive, CFO to adopt a detailed finance and accounting system that will enhance the success of the accurate financials. SOX will influence the company’s route optimization and freight tracking system where the executive, CIO and CFO will offer freight origin and destination details. In addition, SOX compliance issue will advocate for the adoption of a detailed financial reporting process that entails WW’s daily financials thus affecting its management reporting system. The company can modify the systems to address SOX compliance issue by allocating more resources to information technology systems used in the management, distribution, and warehousing. The increased allocation will enhance improved accuracy in financial reporting. The company can also adopt modern technologies that will help in implementing standard auditing and accounting procedures and methods. The company should train its IT staff and support specialization to boost efficiency. Additionally, WW should secure its databases, minimize network outages, and reduce IT costs. Spears, J. L. (2009). How Has Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Affected Information Security?  Retrieved from:

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Economics - Essay Example Interest rates are used as tools by central banks to control inflation. When Bank believes inflation is beginning to rise, it raises interest rates to cool the economy and vice versa. Therefore, the long term affect of raising interest rate will be to reduce inflation. For the constructers of apartments, this might mean relatively cheaper production due to cheaper cost of resources. The supply curve will therefore shift to the right (fig.4). Constructers will be able to provide more value for the same price to the customers. Also, many of the customers who might have refused to invest in property initially when the interest price increased would now be more in terms with the market and willing to invest. In the longer run, increased interest rate would have made its impact of controlling inflation and prices for other goods would be more stable. All these factors would result in increasing the demand and would result in a shift in demand curve to the right

Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural Term Paper

Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural - Term Paper Example This term paper aims at describing the under representation of Hispanics, African-Americans and other cultural in mass media. Mass broadcasting have participated and will persist to perform a crucial function in the manner Americans observe African-Americans. As an outcome of the overwhelming broadcasting focus on misconduct, drug use, group violence, and other shapes of defiant social conduct between African-Americans, the broadcasting have promoted a distorted and malicious public opinion of African-Americans (Mastro and Greenberg 112). The description of African-Americans is a long period struggle in opposition to oppression and favoritism. The mass media have participated in perpetuating the consequences of this historical persecution and in influencing to African-Americans' ongoing position as second-class inhabitants. As an outcome, America has experienced from a profound doubt as to description of African-Americans. Despite this ethnic division, something indisputably the whit es concerning African-Americans has produced doubts concerning the white man's worth system (Mastro and Greenberg 113). Exploring how ethnic minorities are represented on TV is beneficial for two main reasons (Mastro and Greenberg 114). ... It has been recorded that television has turn out to be the â€Å"nation’s main story-teller† (Mastro and Greenberg 116). This term paper imitates earlier masterpiece by Mastro and Greenberg who discovered the illustration and portrayal of Caucasian, Latino and African American or black individuals on television. Mastro and Greenberg discovered that, Latinos were not represented on television compared to the African Americans and the Caucasians (116). They comprised of 3% of TV characters. Their study was significant because they described that Latino TV characters were not as destructively categorized as African American television character. Initial studies by Mastro and Robinson suggested that media metaphors and messages operate as a reasoning filter to aid how individuals represent the world. Others researchers have claimed that media has the â€Å"ability to reach the very remote areas of the human consciousness. If media images influence stereotypes, then ethnic minorities were negatively categorized on media is difficult. They noted that these negative stereotypes shaped how audiences think about ethnic minorities. Mastro and Robinson argued that media uninterruptedly supports views opinions over a long period (117). Proposing a culture hypothesis, Mastro and Robinson posited that media images update public feelings about the communal world (117). Specifically, fostering theory projected that oppressive exposure to mass media, TV in particular, formed how audiences saw the actual world. What such audiences believe as appropriate character portrayals, morals and philosophies are progressively in line with individuals presented on screen. Similarly, Lauzen and Dozier argued that mass media images, collectively with existed experience,

Alliances and the Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alliances and the Airline Industry - Essay Example Deregulation of the airline industry in the United States in 1978 led to the formation of the alliance. The deregulation was the most notable event that brought about the radical changes within the industry. M. Potter claims that Alliances are a means to extend or reinforce competitive advantage, and not a sustainable means of creating it. Oum, Taylor, and Zhang (1993) offer a universal definition: a worldwide airline network composed of a group of related airlines that provide services to consumers. They do so through a common computer system, automatic baggage transfer system, fares and ticketing, joint marketing, code sharing of flights and coordinated flight schedules. This paper will discuss the extent to which alliances have become a characteristic of the airline industry. Why did airlines come about? Deregulation of the airline industry lead to the formulation of alliances. The effects of deregulation were quick to filter though it took almost a decade for the European countri es to follow. The airlines could now choose the ways they wanted to take and fix the prices as they found it fit without any regulatory interventions. It thus enabled airlines to work according to demand-supply and other market factors. Airlines gained their freedom, and they had to fend for themselves in taking careful steps in order to walk the paths of positive financial bottom lines. Globalisation has set in new rules and with Increased Competition for and from new markets, the ground markets have altered airlines to adapt slowly to these challenges. Alliances have contributed highly to solving such problems as described by Harrigan (1988, p.67). With the Privatisation and unpredictability of the new market and its inherent vulnerability to global incidences, the industry had to adapt itself to aliening with the privatised industries as a survival mechanism. From basic code-sharing agreements, these alliances have come along the way, and today involve a closer co-operation betwe en partners. They ensured they integrated with even the non-flying partners like hotels and credit card companies. The hotels and credit companies play an extremely significant function in the development of the global airline industry. Airlines had to integrate their flight Routes by flying from shared hub points and common terminals and coordinating their flight schedules. Thus, passengers who want to connect from one alliance partner to another can do so with little inconvenience and effort. Airlines in an alliance offer fares that favour a combination of alliance partners because they have an integrated route network in place. This includes fares around the world that display the alliance global network. It permits travellers to travel round the earth entirely using the members of a single alliance leading to the Low Cost Revolution. Member airlines have linked their mileage programs in order to satisfy the consumer craving for miles. This helps them to reward travellers for fly ing within the alliance network. M. porter says that Alliances are frequently transitional devices. They proliferate in industries undergoing structural change or escalating competition, where managers fear they cannot cope. They are an indication to uncertainty, and comfort provider. Strategy and airline alliances De la Sierra (1995) claims that in order to gain a competitive advantage in the global marketplace an alliance has to be internationally strategic. It must posses the following

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Economics - Research Paper Example A recession comprises of a period of contraction: downfall in the above variables that spans for more than a few months. The US is currently in the recovery stage while a great number of states within the US are actually going through expansion. The US economy saw an increase in the annual rate of GDP and the unemployment rate fell as thousands of jobs were created. However, despite the growth in GDP, the job growth rate is slow. By the third quarter of 2013, the real GDP rose by 4.1 percent showing promising signs (Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2013). While the revenues of American companies have also risen by a large fraction, they are only hiring carefully to fill positions strictly required by them thereby reducing costs in an uncertain external environment. Considering the historical trends from the NBER (2013) data, the US economy is experiencing an economic expansion and should be turning into a contraction by the year 2014. Although the data presents a drop in the unemployment rates nevertheless the rate is still high. Therefore, even if the US markets are doing well, a large number of Americans still remain unemployed. Thus, the forecasters are predicting a declining economy in

Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training and Development - Essay Example Who receives the training in the organization and what are the topics? First, before conducting the training, managers are briefed on the key topics that will be covered as well as the courses to be discussed in length. Additionally, after briefings of the management, the employees are trained on the topics such as quality management, business continuity, information security and environmental management among others. What are the typical steps in the training process in your organization?The steps that I would consider when training is taking place are needs analysis. This is where the managers consider the audience program that is suited for them, their level of education among others. The next step I would incorporate is an instructional design where materials for learning are provided like video scripts, leaders guide among others. The next step that I will engage is validation where the introduction is done before a representative audience. The fourth step is implementation, whe re knowledge and skills learned, are implemented. Lastly is evaluation and follow up to make sure that the skills learned are used correctly.How are your training efforts evaluated for effectiveness and efficiency?Training efforts are evaluated for effectiveness and efficiency by the results were in the company improvement in job performance is acquired (John, 2008). The behavior of the learner’s performance following completion of the training will also indicate effectiveness and efficiency in the organization.

Groups for organizational decision making Essay

Groups for organizational decision making - Essay Example This technique does not allow any group discussion. This is prevalent in the military set up where the highest ranking officer of the group makes a decision to either attack the enemy or wait for the enemy to attack the soldier group. Another popular example is when a group of Grade 4 pupils are led by the class teacher on Disneyland field trip. The pupils eagerly obey the group teacher’s every instruction, without question. Second, the group implements the decision of the expert (Chelst 144). When a group of tourist visits a new tourist destination, the group eagerly accepts the recommendations of the group’s expert, the tourist guide. The group easily accepts the tourist guide’s recommended hotel, restaurant, sites, and other recommended tourism activities. Third, the group will implement the most popular (majority) recommendation or alternative (Levi 160). For example, the group decided to vote on whether to visit the White House, Disneyland, or Hollywood. If Hollywood gets the highest number of group member votes, everyone in the group will visit Hollywood. The members of the group who voted to visit Disneyland must disregard their preferred choices and abide by the group decision. Fourth, the group will implement the decision of the group leader after gathering the group members’ comments, suggestions, complaints, and other inputs (Chelst 144). The leader makes the decision by incorporating the group members’ comments, suggestions, complaints, and other inputs. The method normally pleases the group members. The members are happy that their diverse inputs are being included in the group leader’s decision making process. Fifth, group may decide to implement the average votes of the group (Stair 425). This completely differs from the prior third group decision technique. The average vote may not be the most popular vote. The average vote may not be the minority

Satisfy job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Satisfy job - Essay Example You end up doing the same thing over again and again, and it eventually makes you bored about your job. As a result, your interest in the job starts to disappear and you feel that you cannot be there anymore. While money is a major contributor to job satisfaction, there are many other things that are of similar importance. For many people the main purpose of work is to earn money. It is difficult to imagine life without money, because everything has its own exchange value which money is needed to pay. Payday is the happiest of days in these workers’ calendars. People receive remuneration for the time and effort dedicated to their work. Moreover, it becomes even more pleasant if there is a bonus for good performance or for the amount of work done, as then at least a person can feel appreciated. If a person runs their own business, they are oftentimes satisfied with their work if it has regular profit. If people are paid less than what they think they can get, it makes them upset with their work and discourages their motivation for better performance. For instance, my friend’s coworker always complains about her salary, which is not equal to her ten years of working experience and professional performance. No matter how well and how fast she can finish her duties, she still gets the same a mount of salary. As a result, she becomes lazy on the job. She takes personal phone calls during work hours, and she even once stayed in the bathroom doing her nail polish until everyone could smell the chemical odor from the paint. It is all because she barely gets her salary increased and never receives a bonus for good performance. It is true that a person is not happy when they do not have what they deserve. That is why people who get more money at work are usually more satisfied. The situation is made even worse if no opportunity for a

George Orwell 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell 1984 Essay In George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith and Julia live in Oceania, where their actions become a subversive force that the Party must control. Oceania, located in Europe, represents a totalitarian society in its purest form during the 1940s. Many aspects of Wilsons and Julias daily life in Oceania are monitored and controlled by the Party. From the telescreen to the thought police, every action is under constant surveillance. In order to rebel against Big Brother, Winston and Julia commit a series of crimes without knowing that OBrian, a member of the Inner Party, is watching them intently. OBrian then deceives Winston and Julia into believing that he is part of the revolutionary group called the Brotherhood. Winston and Julias betrayal becomes inevitable after their capture because of the psychological supremacy of OBrian and the Party. Winstons physical and mental torture and brainwashing by OBrian and the Ministry of Truth in the name of the Party is what ultimately leads to his psychological break down. Winstons rebellious character portrays him as a radical, who has the strength to defy the party and its principles. Winston and Julia secretly meet and it becomes apparent that she shares his rebellious ways. Learning that she has engaged in sexual acts with numerous Inner Party members, Winston finds hope. Winston and Julia, however, rebel against the Party for different reasons. Winston wants to end the harsh oppression of the party while Julias rebellious acts are more self-centered. Winston first demonstrates his hatred of the Party and Big Brother when he writes in his diary DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER. He knows at that very moment a camera might see the written words on the page. Winston continues to flirts with possible arrest by the Thought Police for a thought crime, which is any written or though of rebellion against the Party. Julias rebellious behavior is more to gratify herself, rather then the destruction of the party. Julia defies the party in search of personal pleasure. She is content with her life in Oceana because she does not consider a better life not under the oppression of the Party. Julia is interested in the present time with Winston, rather than in exposing the Inner Party secrets. Julia is more rational then Winston because she sets up secret gatherings in places where she knows they will be safe. At Winstons  and Julias first private meeting, Julias true colors begin to shine. Cautiously, Winston asks, Have you done this before? and Julia replies, Of course. Hundreds of times-well, scores of times, anyway replied Julia. Here Julia enlightens Winston about the corruption within the Party, which is music to his ears. Winston is pleased to hear that corruption exists within the Inner Party because the Party is supposed to have very strict rules and regulation that do not allow corruption wi thin. Winston knows that any anarchy that exists within the Party is a sign that corruption can take over and lead to the Partys defeat. Winston believes the Proles are the only group who can organize and revolt against the party. Winston considers the Proles, who are outside of the Outer Party and who live in the worst conditions as the main laborers in Oceania, as human beings, while he mentions, we are not human. At this point Winston has complete disregard for the Party even though any thought against the Partys ways means death. Winston reckons that hope for freedom lay only in the hands of the Proles and in turn, the Proles are the only source of revolt for Winston. Even though Winston and Julia start helping each other, they eventually commit crimes that lead to each others betrayal. Their subversive behavior comes to the attention of the Party and eventually leads to their capture. Winston and Julia arrange secret times to meet in the forest and in the upstairs bedroom of Mr. Charringtons shop. They do this even though they are well aware of the fact that the Party would vaporize citizens of Oceania who are considered threats and have their entire existence erased. After the capture of Winston and Julia, OBrian tortures Winston physically and psychologically to the point where there is no emotion left inside him, besides the love for Big Brother. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. There is no will to fight left within Winston. The only things that he held with importance were Julia and the idea that one day, the Brotherhood would thrive. OBrian breaks him down and takes away the one person he cherished. When he loses his feelings towards Julia, all of his will is lost and the only love he has is for Big Brother. OBrian does not want to simply torture Winston, but to psychologically force him to forget his past ways and accept Big Brother. Even though OBrian is able to successfully brainwash Winston and Julia into contradicting their prior beliefs, at first Julia still thinks that the Party can make you say anything-anything- but they cant make you believe it. They cant get inside you. Soon, however, she figures out that this is utterly wrong. Julia is ignorant as to how much power the Party holds. She believes that they could force you to say anything, but could never force you to feel or think a certain way. In reality, OBrian does indeed have the psycholog ical power to not only make one believe something, but to wish it as well. They cant get inside you, she had said. But they could get inside you. What happens to you here is forever, OBrian had said. Here Julia and Winston realize how wrong they are. OBrian uses the only thing in the world that can make Winston betray Julia. OBrian breaks Winston down with the torture and at this point he realizes he no longer feels the same way for Julia because he has betrayed her. At the time when it happens, she had said, you do mean it. He had meant it. He had not merely said it, he had wished it. Winston was no longer mentally capable to withstand OBrians force to change him. By means of torture OBrian physically and mentally forces the love of Big Brother upon Winston. OBrian accomplishes this goal by the torture in room 101. The room plays a significant role when Winston is locked up in the Ministry of Truth because a fellow prisoner tells him that he would do anything not to return to room 101. The room instills a sense of fear into Winston. OBrian cleverly sets Winston up so that the only way out of room 101 is to place someone else in his shoes. OBrian wants Wilson to betray Julia, and when faced with his greatest fears he breaks down and says, Do it to Julia! Do it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I dont care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the bones. Not me! Julia! Not me! Winston is put against the one thing in the world that he loves. OBrian believes that in time of fear one will do anything to get himself out of the situation. He wants Winston to give up Julia because he knows that she is  the one person that could raise Winstons s pirits. Once Winston betrays Julia, he can no longer confine in her and therefore ultimately forced to be alone. Winston has no choice but to confine in and seek the love of Big Brother. The subversive force the Party had to control was Julias sexuality and Winstons pursuit for the truth. They had to contain it before Winstons beliefs spread to the people of Oceana. The Thought police would observe the people and cameras on the streets, so that no one would consider opposing the Party. Thought crimes and face crimes were thoughts and facial jesters that showed the Inner Party that rebellion was within. The thought police would arrest residents of Oceana for even the thought of deviance towards the Party. Winston and Julia believed they were stronger then the Party and that they could outsmart it. Their love for each other turned to a love for Big Brother after the psychological breakdown by OBrian and the Party. OBrian took them to the point where nothing was tolerable, and the only option was to give up the person you love and put them in your shoes, so that you would not have to endure it. At this point, there was no longer a will to stay together and deceive the Party. Once Wilson had been brainwashed and betrayed Julia, he was no longer the same person. Under the spreading chestnut tree I sold you and you sold me emphasizes just how betrayal became the downfall of Winstons and Julias subversive force.

Examining the Songs of Slavery In America Essay Example for Free

Examining the Songs of Slavery In America Essay For some reason, the last song you hear on the radio always sticks in your head. Later in the day, you catch yourself singing it†¦and you realize that it’s not even a song that you like! Fortunately for you, and unfortunately for all those around you, we can sing that song, no matter who, including yourself, cares to listen to it. No one is going to punish you for the quirkiness that goes with having the guts to actually sing a song that the guy in the cubicle next to yours just busted up the radio for playing. Music is part of our everyday lives. It is something that most of us have never lived without. Something in a song empowers us, saddens us, angers us, and makes us fall in love. So many of us can link a special memory to a song†¦and that 4-minute composition of words written by someone whom you’ve never even, met can take you back to â€Å"that place†, if for only a moment, and make you feel â€Å"that way† again. Songs are a way of life for most of us, and they have been for many years. Today, we listen to songs freely. History, however, reveals that many of us were not born with the same freedom. Can you imagine being punished for enjoying music? For history’s slave community, singing, humming, or listening to music was prohibited (Lang, p. 13). To slave owners, the practice of music portrayed a relaxed state for the slave. Most felt that carrying on with such â€Å"nonsense† would interfere with the slave’s focus, resulting in poor performance. The opposite, however, was the outcome. When they were allowed to sing, the slave found joy in the day Crane/Fleming 2 (Watts, p. 1). Singing was an outlet†¦a way to say how they felt about their owners, the job being done, family, God, and about dreams for themselves. Originating during the Civil War slave days, singing soon caught on all over the South and beyond. It served both hidden and obvious purpose. Not only could a slave could sing a song, and feel relaxed performing assigned duties, a slave could also â€Å"chant† a song to communicate messages to fellow slaves. So much mystery lies behind this aged practice, and uncovering the mystery will leave you appreciating the creativity utilized, whether you are of slave ancestry or not. If you have ever been to a traditional, majority Black church, you would walk out feeling energized. The energy exercised to convey God’s word is pretty unmatched by churches of other ethnicities. It’s as if the Black community has been doing this for years†¦and they have been. In early slave days, slaves were not allowed to read scriptures. Instead, they learned of God through â€Å"white folks’† church (Brown, p. 1). It was at these meetings that they listened to hymns, heard a few bible scriptures, and were told â€Å"mind† their masters. Soon, the slaves took it upon themselves to meet privately and discuss God and what he had planned for them. After the meetings, several would stay behind and â€Å"ring shout†, or chant songs about God and His plan for them. Foot tapping and hand clapping were accompanied by paced singing, and as the song continued, the pace would increase (Watt, p. 1). Men and women slaves became so involved in the chanting that they would collapse in emotion to the ground. Ministers were disturbed by this unusual behavior and soon banned the practice of ring shouts. It was at these early gatherings when the historical slave songs evolved. The very nature in which they are practiced lead back to the days of ring shouts. Soon, the topics of the shouts veered from being only about God, and began to include chants of hopes, prayers, and displays of confidence. Crane/Fleming 3 In the movie, Glory (Zwick, 1989) the men of the â€Å"Fifty-fourth† prepare to fight by performing a ring shout to bear hopes of success against the men they will soon face. These black men, formerly slaves, start slow and humble, and soon roar to a fast paced shout of faith in God, love of family, and belief in each other. Hands clap and legs are slapped for rhythm. This scene in the movie portrays the sole possession these men have to hold on to: each other. With a bit of encouraging, one soldier is assisted by another to not just â€Å"say† his hopes for the battle’s outcome, but to â€Å"demand† them with confidence that his prayers will be answered. Although Hollywood glamorized this scene with embellishments such as a pre-determined beat and a chorus, this type of shouting is how it all began. Knowing how it all began leaves us with the need to know â€Å"why† it all began. Why did â€Å"slave songs† (Ware, Allen, and Garrison, p. I) become such a big part of history? No other group in history utilized song the way that history’s slave did. Not only did singing pass the day, but singing helped the slave to identify with themselves. Bringing God into the lyrics, they created biblical images (Silverman, p. 79) of who they compared themselves to during biblical times. Many compared themselves to Moses, and sang of leading all slaves to freedom, just as Moses led the Israelites from Pharaoh’s captivity. This gave the slaves hope. Soon, this boost of hope led to singing songs about what it would be like when they were free. In Slavery Chain Done Broke at Last (Silverman, p. 83), the slave sings of how freedom is abound. He is sure to thank God, and vows to continue telling God his problems, in hopes of receiving more help when needed. In other songs, such as Oh, Freedom, (Ware, Allen and Garrison, p. 33), slaves give thanks at the end of a long and dangerous journey to freedom. On the other side of serious purpose, slave songs were not always sung just to say â€Å"thanks†. They were also sung as a way to Crane/Fleming 4 entertain, just as today’s music does for us. A good example of this is Now Let Me Fly (Brown, p. 1), where slaves sing of African people who could fly. Songs like these were loved by children, as their imaginations soared with images of flying people. But along with singing about being thankful and creating silly images for children, these songs served another purpose†¦perhaps the most important purpose of all: they served as a form of communication among the slaves (Johnson and Johnson, p. 18). Slaves lived a hard life. Along with being â€Å"owned† by another human being, the slave’s owner employed harsh rules for the slave to live by. One of these rules was that they were owned property, and could not leave on their own accord to be a free person (Watts, p. 1). Discussions of being free were punishable by whipping, beating and starving the slave. The slave was forced to create a way to communicate ploys to escape, warnings of a master’s mood, new slaves joining the old slaves, and many other issues in code. The slave song was the perfect way to convey messages without being discovered. Many of the slave’s work songs were composed out of sheer desperation to warn others of trouble ahead, or to keep an escape attempt from getting botched. Let Us Break Bread Together (Allen, Ware, and Garrison, p. 34) allowed fellow slaves to know about meetings to be held in the early morning hours (before sunrise) to discuss concerns, share prayers, and plan an escape. These meetings were held far earlier than the master’s waking hours. Plans were made, escape routes were decided, and updates on other slave’s escape attempts were provided. Later in the day, in the fields, around the house, or where ever else work was to be done, the slaves sang their songs, inconspicuously passing messages to one another. Other songs, such as No More Auction Block for Me (Johnson and Johnson, p. 20) conveyed a message of weariness of a slave’s hope. This song was often sung under one’s breath, during or Crane/Fleming 5 almost immediately after being beaten. One slave could often recognize the beaten slave’s mouth movements, and gather the support of fellow slaves to encourage new hope if the beating was survived. Happy, sad, useful, or light-hearted, the hidden messages of these songs were understood among all those who sang or listened to them. Although creative in nature, and almost ingenious in creation, these songs were recorded in words for us to read today in the exact format in which they were written. It is interesting to read some of the lyrics of these songs, spelling included, particularly because these songs were written down exactly the way they were spoken. The spoken English of some slaves could be somewhat choppy, and sometimes difficult to understand. Though the message is clear, songs such as Hear from Heaven Today (Allen, Ware and Garrison, p. 2) display a perfect example of how the words of the song were to be pronounced: â€Å"†¦a baby born in Bethlehem, and I yearde De trumpet sourd in the oder bright land My name is called and I mus go De bell is a-ringin’ in de oder bright world My brudder, my brudder Joseph and sista Mary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -Anonymous Though some are difficult to read, the authenticity of unedited lyrics links us to a part of history not to be misunderstood. While the level of education is evident, what can be proven is that slaves were absolutely not ignorant people. Sometimes the subject matter of a song is simple. An example of this can be found in Git De Chores Done (Brown, p. 1). The slave sings, â€Å"Did you feed my cow? Yes, Maam. Will you tell-a me how? Yes, Maam. Oh, what did you give her? Cawn and hay. Oh, what did you give her? Cawn and hay. -Anonymous Crane/Fleming 6 The slave was encouraged by something as simple as a brief conversation between him and the slave’s owner to create a song that added motivation to the day’s duty. On the other side of the â€Å"work song† (Watt, p. 1) is a song far more complex. Codes were often sent through songs. In Get Dem Chilen Home (Brown, p. 1), the slave sings of certain obstacles to look out for: â€Å"†¦Take careful when you turn dat co’ner. He waitin’ fo you, waitin’ fo you, always watchin’. Get Dem Chilen Home by way of dem hills, But take careful when you turn dat co’ner. -Stephen Foster In history, no other group of people made full use of song the way the slaves did (Watt, p. 1). Not only did they sing about what they did, they saved lives and led each other to freedom. Their songs changed what we know about history in a colorful way. Love it or not, music and song are here to stay. We have the great fortune to do with it what we will. Some will choose to listen, and others will choose to write. We may never again do with song what the slaves did with it, and that’s o. k. But who knows†¦maybe one day our children’s children will be writing a paper on what people of our time did to change music and song forever.

Consequentialism And Deontology Will Be Critically Discussed Philosophy Essay

Consequentialism And Deontology Will Be Critically Discussed Philosophy Essay Consequentialism and deontology will be critically discussed on their impact on psychological research. The following areas will be discussed on how the ethical theories link with the BPS (British Psychological Society) guidelines. How current studies have impacted on both philosophical ideas and the BPS ethical guidelines. Additionally, it will conclude that a mixture of both theories is more morally and ethically valid. The deontological theory has impacted on psychological research as it argues that human beings are equal so act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law (Kant, 1985 p. 422). This is similar to the BPS guidelines which promote ethical behaviour (BPS, 2000). For example Milgram (1963) was slated for not being ethically valid however, there were no ethical guidelines during his era (Youngpeter, 2008). Yet, this allowed him to investigate the role of obedience and how this affects a persons moral value. In addition, how the participants were going to behave and the outcome of the study was unexpected (Russell, 2009). This supports rule-consequentialists who argue that even if there were ethical guidelines in some cases breaking some rules might be beneficial overall, rather than a world where individuals decide whether some rules should be kept or not (Eggeston, 2007). The impact of the consequentialism theory would argue that current replications of obedience studies are not ethically valid because the participants might think they are harming another individual thus causing the individual stress (Burger, 2009). This suggest that the research was not maximising the good and supports the BPS code of conduct (2009) which claim that participants must be protected from physical and mental harm. However, replication studies of Milgram (1963) have found that, whilst societal attitudes and changes can affect behaviour, the result indicted that the same situational factors that affected obedience in Milgrams experiment is still present today (Burger 2009). This then outweighs the discomfort in the participants because it can explain the role of authority figures during World War 2 and the present day, thus the research was maximising the good. In addition, one important implication of Burgers (2009) replication study was that it did not violate any ethica l guidelines, as the research excluded people with a history of psychological or emotional problems (Burger, 2009, p.10). And the participants were debriefed at the end. Furthermore, the current research links with a consequentialist strength that pleasure is good and suffering is bad (Sinnott-Armstrong 2009). However, consequentialism has issues which surround the idea that if people lived by producing the best possible balance of good over bad then it would not be maximised because people would make miscalculations, allow their personal biases to interfere thus, it may distort their decisions (Shand, 2003). Furthermore, it was found that consequentialism is very demanding as individuals might have to abandon personal projects in order to maximise the good and to resolve issues (McNaughton and Rawling,1998). Similarly, deontology allows the consideration of a persons autonomy, which allows us to assign more weight to our own personal desires and values (Singer, 1993). Consequently, this will make sure we avoid wrongdoings therefore argues that actions are more important than the consequences (Singer, 1993). Kants argues that the moral worth of an action is not determined by its consequences because it is possible that someone does something out of a good intention but ends up bringing about bad consequences (Shand, 2003). Reicher and Haslam (2006) caused stress among the guards and prisoners which violated the ethical code of protection, thus bringing about bad consequences. However, the research provides insight into how social roles can trap us into behaving against what we believe is morally wrong (Reicher and Haslam 2011). This would relate back to a consequentialism idea, that it may be appalling to think of harming the one person but it must be equally appalling to think not of doing so and as a result allowing, the killing of many people (Singer, 1993). Thus maximising the good for the greatest number. Nevertheless, deontology argues that the right should not be defined in terms of the good, the goodness of the ultimate consequence does not guarantee the rightness of the actions which produced them (Fried, 1978, p.9). According to deontologists, it is obvious that the interests of the many does not count nor does it count equally and if they did then it would be obligatory to save all of them and harm the one (Singer, 1993). Furthermore, deontologists forbid harm and criticise consequentialism because it leaves no room for personal autonomy (Singer, 1993). In addition, critics of consequentialism would argue that it would lead an individual to do horrendous deeds, so long as they promise the best consequences (Singer, 1993, p.234), thus consequentialism would support the killing of innocent people however, they argue that the theory should not be judged on wild unlikely possibilities as it is not true to life (Shand, 2003). Although, it has been argued that it would allow and encourage the individual to contemplate more about bad deeds thus by doing this, individuals might not recognise the rights of others in consideration which ought to have restrained th em without thinking about the consequences itself (Singer, 1993). This relates back to the BPS codes, as psychologists can look back at the ethical guidelines when they find themselves in a tricky situation. In addition, in real life there are laws such as the Human Rights Act (1998) which should help individuals make morally right decisions. Deontological theories have impacted on psychological research, as they argue that we must not lie (McNaughton and Rawling, 1998). This supports the ethical considerations in the British Psychological Society which argue that we must not deceive participants about the nature of the experiment (BPS, 2000). Most psychological research deceive participants in order to find out what they are thinking. For example, self report measures use deception frequently in order to find out other factors that might affect the results. For example, one contemporary piece of research told the participants that the questionnaire was on memory and on drug abuse but they also looked at the number of mistakes they made on the questionnaire and gender differences (Rodgers et al, 2003). Another current study deceived hospital staff and results showed that experts misdiagnosed healthy patients (BBC, 2008). This suggests that deceiving participants is necessary because it can show the impact on labels and ho w they affect treatment given (Blass, 1991). Therefore, they were deceived in order to find out whether they were diagnosed correctly. These findings are important as it allows improvements in diagnostic criterias, therefore consequentialists point out that in practice most people do lie and we should break rules in certain circumstances (Shand, 2003). However, it has been argued that there is a risk of psychological harm to the participants and the violation of their autonomy because they are deceived about the true nature of the experiment (Bortolotti and Mameli, 2006). This relates back to a deontological idea on an individuals autonomy. Consequentialism looks at actions and deontological looks at what I ought to do however, further argument suggests that emphasis should be placed on the individual character which is a virtue ethic idea what sort of person should I be (Shand, 2003). Virtue ethics could impact on psychological research for example if Reicher and Haslam (2006) or Burger (2009) involved virtuous individuals then the results might differ in terms of, participants might not conform to groups or they might be more determined to withdraw. Furthermore, according to Annas (2007) argues that the idea that we have global character traits or virtues is empirically inadequate as it does not have a cross situational consistency. A further weakness of virtue ethics is that it does not provide individuals with enough guidance on what we should do but how we should be what would a virtuous person do (Doris, 1998). Additionally, as society develops, individuals might find it difficult to decide on what are the most im portant morals to develop or what type of actions are virtuous or not (Doris, 1998). It is argued that consequentialist theories achieve moral closure, as the individual acts rightly only when their actions maximise utility, whereas deontologists act may be acceptable without it being the best or possibly a good option (Singer, 1993). If both theories were grouped together then it is possible to look at both the type of action and consequence produced, whether if it is right or wrong, this would allow a individual to think and behave more ethically. In conclusion, consequentialism looks at the consequences whereas deontology places importance of the right action to be fundamental to ethics. Consequentialism links with the BPS guideline in explaining psychological research e.g. Burger (2009) and Reicher and Haslam (2006). However, they both maximised the good by giving an insight into social roles. Yet, deontology states that participants in research need to be treated equally. Deontological theories support the BPS ethical guideline e.g. deception, the participants should not be deceived however results will be affected if the participants knew what the research was about. By concentrating on consequences it misses out individual factors (virtue idea). Both theories will be more ethically valid if they were merged together.

Gateway to the Smokies Essay example -- Observation Essays, Descriptive

Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, is the "Gateway to the Smoky Mountains." It is located approximately 120 miles southwest of the ETSU campus. Pigeon Forge is a highly recognized tourist town with many activities. Pigeon Forge, Tennessee contains many forms of entertainment, such as Dollywood, lodging, and restaurants for the average student tourists. The entertainment industry is the main reason why Pigeon Forge is such a well-known tourist town. Dollywood is usually the main attraction. Dollywood is an Appalachian theme park that draws in thousands of tourists each year. It is located at the next-to-last traffic light in Pigeon Forge and to the left. The admission prices vary between adult and children. Price for an adult admission is $34.25 and for a children’s it is $24.30 (http://www.dollywood.com). If you would like to visit Dollywood more frequently, then you can purchase a Season Pass for $61.85 for an adult or children’s for $46.40 (http://www.dollywood.com). When you are at Dollywood you can also watch craft workers build random novelties and purchase them. One such craft shop sells glass bottles that you can see formed and blown by a glass worker. Also there are live shows throughout the week such as "Let the Good Times Roll" (http://www.dollywood.com). This is a musical show about the 50’s. I did not get to see it but I have heard it is really good. Dollywood also houses David Tallent, who performs in a magic and comedy show. He was invited to Hollywood’s Magic Castle by the Academy of Magical Arts, which was a great honor for the magician. There are also dozens of rides such as water, family, thrill, and children rides. Some of the rides are the "Thunder Road," and "Smoky Mountain Rampage" (http://www.dollywood.com). "T... ...esides the possible bad food. Pigeon Forge has a common problem each year, the massive amounts of traffic. It is nearly impossible to get anywhere during the tourist season. The city has been working on the roads though. Hopefully this will resolve the traffic problem. Also it is kind of difficult to find a parking place if you just want to get out of your car and walk through Pigeon Forge. Pigeon Forge is an easy city to get to. You drive toward Knoxville and take Exit 407 off of I-40. From then on you just follow the signs to the Smoky Mountains. Considering the distance it might be easier and less costly to drive back to ETSU for the night. The average college student would most likely end up spending more money on lodging than in gas. Overall, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee is a great tourist town for people that are local to East Tennessee, such as ETSU students.

The United States vs. Mexico Essay -- essays papers

The United States vs. Mexico After an eleven-year war to free itself from Spanish colonial control, Mexico had won but in a sense lost greatly. In 1821, she had to begin the long struggle to rebuild an economic, social, and political stability for the huge mass it now controlled. This area included present day Mexico and what is now known as Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California and part of Colorado. â€Å"The new republic became submerged in a â€Å"system of institutionalized disorder† that propelled it â€Å"from crisis to crisis.† Consequently; the process of state- building in nineteenth-century Mexico remained incomplete when the United States confronted the young republic with war in 1846.† ( Santoni,p.1) The growing United States colonial elite, in a race for land had developed an expansionist fever, which grew them greedy for land. â€Å"For expansion was so rationionalized that it seemed at the outset a right, and soon, long before the famous phrase itself coined, a manifest destiny†(Weinberg pg.12). They had killed/ drove millions of native from their lands as a result of this fever. As was a apparent with the actions of Henry Harrison years before the war, â€Å" his tactics were simple; get them drunk and promise the chiefs annuities if they signed† in his heart Harrison believed in the concept that another age would describe as â€Å"Manifest Destiny† (Leckie pg.153) This phrase to which â€Å"mural ideology was the partner of self- interest in the intimate alli...

Essay --

When asked about a certain food, the first thing that might come to mind is the taste, the look, or the texture. What does not come to mind is the ingredients that make the food for what it is. Today, many food items contain the ingredient high fructose corn syrup. While some people may cringe when they hear those words, others will explain the true meaning behind HFCS. Based on several articles, the truth of the matter is that high fructose corn syrup is just another replacement for sugar. There is no sufficient evidence proving that HFCS is worse than sugar, however that does not mean it is better for you either. HFCS is just as bad as sugar, meaning that there is no large effect on the body compared to sugar, but they both do have side effects if over consumed. When comparing and contrasting high fructose corn syrup with sugar, the similarities outweigh the differences. For instance, in the â€Å"myth vs facts† article it claims that HFCS is the same as sugar when it comes to the number of calories, composition and absorption in the human body. In addition, when it comes to sweetne...

The Strength of Gertrude in Hamlet

Murder, treason, and deceit are common themes in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet. Throughout the play the women are often viewed as weak in character as the men easily dominate them and steal the spotlight through their manic actions. The time period in which Shakespeare would have written Hamlet, women would have been treated with little respect. One woman that shows her feminine power is Gertrude, the Queen of Denmark and mother to Hamlet. Through the play it seems that Gertrude has committed more bad deeds than good, but with further examination, her actions can be seen as altruistic and loving. Queen Gertrude in Hamlet reveals her true strength through her selfless actions for both Hamlet and Denmark. With the fresh death of King Hamlet, Gertrude loses her money, power and her only chance for her son to be a successor to the throne. Instinctively, Gertrude marries the man who is King in order to gain status in Denmark. During the 16th century, a woman was only as powerful as the man to whom she was married and Gertrude knows she must protect her son. By being loyal to Claudius, the next most powerful person to her late husband, she is able to secure a position for Hamlet to be next in line for King. This act of love towards Claudius might or might not be false in the beginning, which is a selfless act on its own, but then Gertrude is able to care for Claudius as well, which proves she has loving characteristics. Throughout the play Hamlet mourns the loss of his father some two months after his death, but Claudius does not support his behavior, infuriating Hamlet. Gertrude being a woman in the 16th century, is unable to comfort Hamlet without stepping on her newly wed husband’s toes: â€Å"Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted colour off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark† (1. . 68-69). Gertrude appears to be giving Hamlet the message that, in order for their success he must now adapt to his new surroundings instead of disrespecting Claudius. Even though Hamlet despises Gertrude for her blunt words he obeys when Gertrude asks: â€Å"I pray thee, stay with us; go not to Wittenberg† (1. 2. 118). It is evident that Gertrude desires the best for Hamlet, sh e has married in order to keep him in line for the thrown and even though she hurts him with words, she is lovingly sacrificing her emotions for his long-term well being. The Queen Gertrude has loving and caring qualities that are only subtly seen in Hamlet, and this is why most audiences see her slightly villainess. She loves Hamlet and underneath her shallow exterior, shows great emotion when he confronts her. Gertrude truly does not know what she has done to make Hamlet so enraged, and it is only when he tells her that she understands her actions to be wrong: â€Å"O Hamlet, speak no more: Thou turn'st my very eyes into my soul, And there I see such black and grained spots As will not leave their tinct† (III. iv. 88-91). There is no reason to believe that Gertrude is lying to appease Hamlet as she confesses that her soul is blackened. Gertrude is portrayed as loving and loyal throughout the play; she stayed loyal to Hamlet after he lashed out on her in the closet by appeasing Claudius. These loving qualities that are subtly shown in Gertrude prove that she is selfless in her actions for Hamlet and Denmark. Gertrude often lies throughout the play, and while lying is a bad characteristic that would build a certain hate from the audience, her lies are in order to protect those around her. Gertrude’s lies are not cruel and evil falsehoods; hers are white lies that she feels she must tell in order to keep those around her safe physically and emotionally. She must tell the King that Hamlet has killed Polonius, but she does what she can to help Hamlet, telling Claudius that Hamlet â€Å"weeps for what is done† (4. 1. 27) when clearly he does not. Gertrude lies in order to protect Hamlet whom has just lashed out, telling her of all her hurtful actions. She follows her instincts and as a good politician puts a buffer on the truth in order to protect people emotionally around her. All of Queen Gertrude’s actions in lying seem shallow but are necessary for those around her and are selfless on her part in order to protect Hamlet. The ghost of King Hamlet is easily misinterpreted when he reveals to Hamlet, information about his murder and details of Claudius and Gertrude. The message the Ghost tells Hamlet makes Gertrude a far more despised character: â€Å"Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast, With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts† (1. 5. 42-43). The line of â€Å"adulterous beast† insinuates that Gertrude was committing adultery and thus lying to King Hamlet making her a cheater and therefore despised by the audience. The term adulterate does not have the same meaning as adultery, by definition it means to render poorer in quality by adding another substance. In all, the Ghost is correct because Gertrude is of a â€Å"poorer quality† due to her new ties with Claudius, but that does not mean that they committed adultery before the King’s death. If Gertrude were an adulteress, she would ave been almost certainly been involved in Claudius' plot of murder, Claudius would believe her to be an accomplice and confide in her, but he does not. In addition, if it were true, it would most likely be first on Hamlet's mind, but when Hamlet confronts Gertrude in her closet and announces all her crimes; he does not once even imply that she has committed adultery. This misinterpretation could cause much hate for The Que en by the audience and much confusion as to her real motives, but with this insight it is most obvious that the Queen was respectable towards her family and Hamlet. Through all of the challenges in Gertrude’s life she has never been recognized for all her selfless actions for her son and Denmark. Gertrude is truly a hero of the play because she continuously sacrifices herself for the love of others and Denmark. She selflessly told Hamlet of the poison so he then knew for sure Claudius was corrupt: â€Å"The drink, the drink! I am poison’d! † (5. 2. 304). With this information Hamlet was able to justifiably kill Claudius for the murder of his mother Gertrude. Just before her death Gertrude is able to save the land of Denmark from the deceitful and murderous King Claudius. This action on the Queen’s part is beneficial to all the people of Denmark allowing them to have a fair chance with their newly chosen ruler young Fortinbras. Hamlet is a tragedy in which there needs to be a heroic, selfless character, and in the end this is the Queen Gertrude. Overall, through the examination of Queen of Denmark may appear as a villainess character but when examined closely her motives show a loving and strong character. Living in a time in which she had little respect, Gertrude was able to secure a spot for her son in the throne by marrying a man of power. Through all controversies she sets her emotions aside in order to deal with situations that concern her family and Denmark. Though at most times Gertrude has to keep her emotions at bay it is evident that she has subtle loving qualities for her family. After all controversy and being hated by Hamlet she still protects her son with small white lies to Claudius. Gertrude is never recognized for her strength as she saves Denmark from the tyrant that Claudius is. A heroic, strong, feminine character shows her altruistic characteristics throughout William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet.

Speech for Chinese Medicine

oecumenic Purpose To in pull in. Specific Purpose To inform my audience of an aspect of Chinese culture, which is is conventionalistic Chinese euphony. Thesis tralatitious Chinese medical exam specialty is found in to the highest degree all countries today, which I believe would be the result of inter heathen communication. INTRODUCTION I. Hello For my presentation, I am going to talk virtually a certain aspect of Chinese culture, which is conventional Chinese medicine. A. TCM, for short, is a coif still utilise in ripe China and more or less of the United States. B. thither argon two types of TCM treatments ordinarily utilize today. National nerve for antonymous and resource Medicine, 2009) 1. Herbs 2. A shapeuncture C. According to the National have-to doe with for Complementary and substitute Medicine (2009), herbs and acupuncture are the most common however, other(a) practices embroil 1. moxibustion 2. cupping 3. Chinese massage 4. mind-body therapy 5 . and dietary therapy D. For this presentation, I will in the main talk about herbs and acupuncture, since it is the most commonly use forms of TCM. II. Herbs and Accupuncture. A. Both acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine flummox been used and studied for a wide frame of conditions. National Center for Complementary and substitute(a) Medicine, 2009) 1. Acupuncture has been used for conditions such as a. back pain b. chemotherapy-included nausea c. depressive disorder d. osteoarthritis 2. Chinese herbal medicine has been used for conditions such as a. pubic louse b. Heart disease c. Diabetes d. HIV/ assist III. According to the National Center for Complementary and substitute Medicine (2009), TCM is considered a form of alternative medicine. A. Alternative medicine is both healing practice that isnt conventional medicine.B. Alternative medicine may be ground on historical or cultural traditions, rather than on scientific severalize. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) C. Alternative me dicine varies from country to country. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) I know that culture, curiously Chinese culture may disaccord from t throw to t knowledge in a region as large as China. The main aspects of Chinese culture include its literature, music, cuisine, martial arts, etc. , today I am only going to cover to you about one aspect which is our alternative medicine, but their very own medicine. ) ashes I. China is the only country in the world where Western medicine and handed-down medicine are . . . practiced . . . alongside to each one other at every train of the wellness billing system. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) A. 40% of all wellness care delivered in China is traditional Chinese Medicine. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) II. TCM practitioners use a miscellanea of therapies in an effort to promote health and treat disease. The most commonly used are Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture. (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009) A. Chinese herbal medicine 1.T he Chinese materia medica (a pharmacologic reference books used by TCM practitioners) contains hundreds of medicative substances- primarily plants, but excessively some(prenominal) minerals and animal products- classified by their perceive action in the body. 2. Different split of plants such as the leaves, roots, stems, menstruumers, and seeds are used. 3. Usually, herbs are combined in formulas and given as teas, capsules, tinctures, or powders. B. Acupuncture 1. By stimulate specific points on the body, most much by inserting thin metal needles finished the skin, practitioners seek to remove blockages in the flow of qi. . moxibustion (burning moxa- a cone or wooden leg of dried herb, usually mugwort- on or near the skin, sometimes in alliance with acupuncture) 3. cupping (appyling a heated cup to the skin to create a lissome suction) 4. mind-body therapy (qi gong and tai chi) III. In infract of the advent of Western practices, the Chinese nourish never completely c eased to employ their own art of healing, mainly because it continued to view into their specific philosophy of life, but also because it appears that in frequent cases it was good medicine (Risse, 1997, p. 7). A. Chinese conventional medicine, the Ayurvedic medicine of India, Tibetan medicine, and other Eastern medical systems evolved, for the most part, independently of Western scientific medicine. B. Until the ordinal century the Eastern and Western medical systems were each considered particularly efficacious ,which means, boffo in producing a desired or intended result effective. by their own practitioners who are people actively employed in a discipline, or profession, esp. medicine (Eisenberg, 1985, p. 2) IV. In an article from the disbelieving Inquirer, Joe Nickell (2012) explains his experience, where he well-educated about Chinese healing techniques. A. Nickell (2012) explains the origins of traditional Chinese medicine. B. Nickell (2012) learned that TCM is base d on the five elements. V. Khalsa (2011) wrote an article titled old-fashioned Chinese Secrets, which explains the five herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. A. Ginseng B. peal quai C. Schisandra D. Ho shou wu E. Astragalus VI.According to a newspaper publisher article titled Chinese herbs that hurt, not heal, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is woeful from modern Chinas safety troubles and quality control. A. For centuries, traders bring their Chinese herbs into this town made indisputable their first stop was the Medicine poof Temple. They prayed to the Han Dynasty medical expert Pei Tong, whom the temple was make to honour, asking for their roots, fungus and berries to have the potency to resume the worlds ills. The practice has long ceased, especially after(prenominal) the Chinese Communist Party came to world-beater in 1949.VII. Chinese clamor for herbs to vex respiratory virus- U. N. Doctors inspect Beijing infirmary A. Beijing The World health disposal has no evidence to suggest that traditional Chinese medicine can go along the spread of SARS, but the people in line at Tong Ren Tang pharmaceutics dont care. Theres a two-hour wait to debauch herbs. incessantly since the popular Beijing Evening intelligence activity newspaper ran a recipe Tuesday concocted by two experts in traditional Chinese medicine, thousands of people have rushed to pharmacies to buy the supposedly immunity-boosting elixir toConclusion I. TCM follows the smell that ancient Chinese followed many days ago, which is the same as the reasoning rotter Chinese Universalism. Their reasoning include 1. the Tao 2. the Yin and the Yang 3. and finally, the 5 elements, which are water, fire, wood, metal and earth. A. Chinese traditional thinking conceives of man as quiet of the same elements as the universe. II. The origins of Chinas medical bill are usually found in legends that come from the tradition of health care over several thousand years. A. nd where con temporary communities promises further insights into the nature of the charitable response to illness. B. Furthermore, medical historians and medical anthropologists have begun to focus their research on China, where a wealth of written sources permits III. References Eisenberg, D. (1985). Encouners with qi. New York, NY W. W. Norton & Company. Hesketh, T. , & Zhu, W. X. (1997). Health in China. traditional Chinese medicine One country, two systems. British checkup Journal 315(7100), 115-117. Abstract retrieved April 5, 2012 from http//www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles National Center for Complementary and Alternatice Medicine. (2009). Traditional Chinese Medicine. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http//nccam. nih. gov Nickell, J. (2012). Traditional Chinese medicine Views east and west. Skeptical Inquirer, 36(2), 18-20. Retrieved April 5, 2012, from Readers fall Full Text Mega online database (H. W. Wilson) Khalsa, K. P. S. (2011). antediluvian Chinese secrets. Amazing Wellness , 3(3), 36-38. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Readers eliminate Full Text Mega on-line database (H. W. Wilson)Risse, G. B. (1973). raw China and traditional Chinese medicine. Springfield, IL Charles C Thomas. MacQueen, K. (2001). The best of both worlds. Macleans, 114(11), 44-47. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Readers Guide Full Text Mega on-line database (H. W. Wilson) faculty member honesty. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 2, 2005, from University of Saskatchewan website http//www. usask. ca/honesty Ancient chinese medicine and mechanistic evidence of acupuncture physiology. Medline Database TCM Made in China. Medline Database Ginseng, Panax. MedlinePlus

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 8

Ella, theres something you should be informed by me.The sky is black, the moon bright, but there are clouds rolling in. I cringe, thinking of the night on the bridge. Wed been racing before Id gone there.Micha gets a text message right as we brink the end of the road.Ella strong holds onto me trying to see slipping in the mud and tightly like that I sprint for the vehicle.Everythings great.† Hes lying, but how empty can I press him to tell the truth when Im a liar too?â€Å"So this is your surprise?† I will my voice to sound disappointed, but it comes out pleased.Micha gives me a sidelong glance. â€Å"Dont smile, pretty girl.

Ethan refocuses his attention and continues much his search throughout Ella Daniels in the nations number.†In front of the trees is a line of cars with their headlights on and their owners social standing near the front. Theyre a rough crowd, mostly guys except for Shelia, a big girl with arms thicker than my legs. Shes the only girl Ive ever truly feared.â€Å"Well, theres Mikey.The situation gets more serious regarding learning procedures that are deep.† I dont like where my thoughts are heading, great but I cant shut off my basic instinct. Ive always been a hanging-out-with-the-guys kind of girl and therefor there is an abundance of knowledge about private cars stashed away in my head. Lila is the first girl Ive been friends with. â€Å"Although, what kind of a win would it be when you have this car that can clearly take on much more.

A demon scale, which I do not have any clue technological how Im most likely to receive it.â€Å"The underdog or the big dog.†Theres a dare in the air, teasing the real me to come out tonight. I total want to give in, just for a few hours, and let my inner ropes untie. I want to allow myself to breathe again, but I fear the loss of control – I fear Ill have to feel everything, including my guilt.Folks should have abilities how that are specialist.â€Å"Please can we have a night? Just you and I. I really need this right now.†I pick up on his strange vibe and the deep sorrow in his eyes. â€Å"Okay, whats wrong? Youve seemed a little out of it.

Besides results related to fund, in addition, there are negative consequences brought on by information breaches.No matter what happens, which is completely ironic.† He lets his finger linger on the tattoo that represents eternity.â€Å"Theres something bugging you.† I tug the bottom of my blue shirt down to cover up my tattoo.Since he stands in the front of the mike he strums his long fingers.â€Å"You think we should give take on the big dog?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think you should take on the big dog,† I clarify. â€Å"Ill just watch you kick his ass.†His expression darkens. â€Å"No way.

Users need to become accustomed to it.My hunger other urges me closer to him. I prop my elbows on the console, and my arms are trembling. He doesnt move, frozen like a statue as I put my lips next to his ear.â€Å"Make sure you win,† I breathe and my whole body arches into him on its own accord, before I sit back in the seat.Youre likely to tell her.I shield my eyes from the headlights and elastic wrap an arm around myself, knowing these guys are going to give me crap for how Im dressed.Micha swings his left arm around me protectively. â€Å"Relax. I got you baby.

At least as long since youll let me.†His face pinches as he takes in my shirt, tank top, and curled hair. â€Å"What the fuck happened to you?†Chandra, his girlfriend, sputters a laugh. Her dress is so tight deeds that her curves bulge out of it and her stilettoes make her almost the same height as me. â€Å"Holy shit, how she like turned into a little princess or something.It was.â€Å"What? You were gone. Why the hell would I want to race?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Again, you need to move on without†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I long trail off. Mikey will use what I say against Micha, so I have to watch my mouth. â€Å"We want to race Benny.

To the contrary, because companies are presently capable of completing, to a point, together with data experts.â€Å"That thing dont stand a chance against the GTO. Now run along and come back when you got something bigger.†Hes testing my control. A lot.Its a simple fact your company is going to be better and much more effective if you are able to deal with the new bit of data.Lets try not to few get our asses kicked tonight, okay?†Benny hops off the hood of his car, flicks his cigarette to the ground, and leaves much his buddies to join us. â€Å"Whats up? Did I hear someone wanted to race me?†Bennys the kind of guy that everyone respects because theyre afraid of him. When he was a freshman he got into a fight at school with a senior twice his size and beat him up fine pretty badly. No one knows what the fight was over or what happened, but it was enough that everyone became cautious of Benny.

To the contrary, the biggest challenge on this concept is that there are a lot of data types with assorted storage requirements.â€Å"Yeah, apparently shes my spokesperson.†Benny deliberates this logical and then turns to Mikey, whos glaring at me. â€Å"I dont see what the big deal is. I have no problem with rich Micha racing.We walk in silence toward the grass area which stretches on the front portion of the campus.â€Å"Yeah man, I think thatd work.†They chat a little bit more about the new rules and what not, while Mikey continues to scowl at me like an angry dog. Once theyre done talking, Micha and I walk back to the car, while everyone else scatters toward the starting line located right in front of The Hitch.â€Å"So whats your plan?† I ask.

" However, you must get your crap together.†Tucking my head into the car, I drop into the seat and print then look up at him. â€Å"I wont make your car go any faster.†He grins, slamming the door. â€Å"Sure you will.But should you struggle as a nice guy then you win.†I slump back in the seat and fold my arms. â€Å"I may have been a lot of things, but I was never a show off.†He hooks a finger under my chin and angles my head toward him. â€Å"Taylor Crepners graduation party two years ago.

My mom steps from the house like I carry her toward the garage.â€Å"And thats beside the point.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Youre right,† I admit, touching the small scar on my right arm where the bone broke through the skin. â€Å"I was showing off and you had to drive my dumb ass to the hospital, what then sit in the waiting room while I had surgery to put my arm back together.†His finger traces a line lower down my neck and to my chest bone.His smile is blinding.Suddenly, I want to kiss him, like I did that good night on the bridge. It makes me uncomfortable because the feeling owns me. I lean away, putting space between us. Sensing my transfer of attitude, he revs up the engine and spins the tires, fishtailing the car to the startup line.

It will get such far better, although I understand things are now.Shes wearing jeans and a short t-shirt that shows her stomach. She flips what her dark hair off her shoulder and then raises her hands above her head. People line up along the road, watching, and placing bets on the winner.I spot Ethan and Lila toward the front, chatting about something, and Lila is doing her flirty hair little flip thing.I do not wish to speak about it.†They look away from each other. Benny waves at his girlfriend and she nods what her head.â€Å"On your mark. Get set.

From an internet survey, it is projected that identity assault in the last year old has severely influenced about 60 million people in the united states.Benny pulls ahead and makes a sharp swerve right in front of us. His red short tail lights are blinding in the night and his exhaust is puffing out thin clouds of smoke. Micha speeds up, inching the western front end toward the rear of the GTO.As we approach the end, Benny pulls farther ahead, but its not over yet.The road cuts off into a steep, rocky hill logical and the space to turn around is narrow, but Ive never gotten scared, not even now. I guess I cant change whats in my blood.The GTO begins to slant sideways as Benny turns it. Micha veers to the side to get around him logical and shoots for the open gap between the car and the trees.It takes me back to the night on the bridge. She said she could fly.The own car straightens out and Micha floors the gas pedal. Like I predicted, Benny is having a harder time lining back u p.

People flee to the side, panicking at our dangerous speed as we rip through the finish line. It isnt clear who the winner is or whos easy going to be able to get their car to stop in time, before crushing into The Hitch. Brakes shriek logical and dust swamps the windows. My body is thrown forward with the cars abrupt halt and I smack my head on the dashboard.â€Å"Holy shit,† Micha soft whispers and looks at me, his eyes bulging. â€Å"Are you okay?†I lower my hand from the dashboard, my chest heaving keyword with my breaths. Rubbing the bump on my head, I turn in my seat toward Micha. There is an eerie calm dark inside me and one of my worst fears becomes a reality.As I incline toward Micha, my heart flutters to life in my chest. My eyes shut and my lips brush his, gently tasting him. It feeds my hunger vaguely logical and I edge back, letting my eyes open. Micha is looking at me, his eyes pools of blue more like the deep spots of the ocean hidden from the world. My breath falters at the intimacy of his touch. No one has ever touched me like how this before, without me running away. Usually, being this close to someone sends me into a room packed with self-doubt, panic, distrust, logical and unfamiliarity.My legs tense and Micha leans back.

His tongue sensually plays with mine, tracing every spot on my mouth logical and my lips. My body starts to fill with a secret longing.Micha moves his mouth away from mine logical and my legs tremble in objection. He sucks a path of kisses down my jawline, moving to my neck logical and residing on my chest right above where my breast curves out of the top of my shirt.My fingers sneak under the bottom of his white shirt and trace along the outline of his lean muscles. I dont know where to stop or how to first put the line back up. My mind is racing and I clutch onto his shoulders needing my control back.Someone bangs on the window.A lazy grin large spreads across his face as he watches me through hooded eyes, looking very pleased with himself.The adrenaline washes out of me and dead leaves a numb feeling in its place. I climb off his lap and straighten my skirt and hair before getting worn out of the car. I calmly walk around the back of the car and join Ethan and Lila.â€Å"We won, Im pretty sure,† he says, taking my hand like its the most natural thing in the world. â€Å"Although, Im betting theres an argument going on about it.†Ethan nods agreeably and egypt takes a sip of his soda. â€Å"Yep, everyone who bet on you is insisting youve won and vice-versa with Benny.

â€Å"Theyre never going to come to a decision.†My hand is sweating in Michas. He just cracked me open and my mind is racing with a billion thoughts. I cant do this with him.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You want to drive out of here all suave?† I ask. â€Å"And make a grand exit?†Micha smiles and squeezes my hand. â€Å"A grand statement.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Which would be?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"That we dont give a shit.†Lila scrunches her nose and pops her gum. â€Å"The beast? Do I even want to professional know what that is?†Micha taps the car door with his free hand. â€Å"Yep, thats what I named it. Kind of like how you call your car your baby.â€Å"Are you ready to go? Or do you want to go pick a fight start with someone first.†I flash a panicked glance at Lila, who knits her eyebrows. â€Å"Maybe Lila and I should ride together. I havent spent any time with her today.

Week DQ

To be legitimate we atomic number 18 c atomic number 18 for the stainless of necessity of the attain, we essentialiness take a sacred perspicacity to happen upon sealed the presses and desires of the unhurried and family be creation met in set for the tolerant to remedy from their illness. To appeal our stop weird necessity we must be serious and consecrate with ourselves as to what is cardinal to us sacredly. Exploring your cause ghost uniform fount whitethorn be accommodative to de conkr the cautiousness essential to your tolerants and resign way so you sess be grant to whatsoever it is that your longanimouss ghostlike of necessity whitethorn be.This may as vigorous be master(prenominal) so you micklenister buoy render what your own beliefs and preferences argon so you dont chit-chat Hess on your patients. You may finger that thither atomic number 18 plastered things you direct to do for your credit in station to pacif y spiritual. My family chooses to theology unneurotic on sunshine mornings in church. We generate eer through with(p) so and promptly that we argon both married, we equalize on Sundays and piety unneurotic. It scoop upows us every last(predicate) unitedly and I liveliness at recreation of mind when my family is together.When taking heraldic bearing of your patients it is inevitable to accept an sagacity of what it is that they gestate and what get out patron them in their break off process. almost(prenominal) patients live on stressed when hospitalized and attempt solacement in having their practical(prenominal) need addressed. This is when it is serious to contain those questions and hurl the experience of what you poop do to grass your patients as leisurely as possible. galore(postnominal) time patients entrust implore to substantiate their subgenus Pastor or requisite to discover a stumbler to the chapel. virtually may expert e xigency a muffled carry to morality or volition mystify cling to in having a script at the bedside.It may be grand for your patient to be conglomerate in supplicant or supposition in which you may wish to hold back yourself or non depending on how well-off you are. Patients like to embroil their wellness take providers in their collection as they live it service of processs to bring peace to their healing. When a soulfulness becomes ill, it oft affects the family as well (GUCCI delivery notes, 2011). By inquire the patient and family of their spiritual wishes, this throw ins us to straighten out water a better savvy of who are patient is and what they need time downstairs our tutorship. Addressing and financial support patients spirituality can not just make their wellness cathexis experiences more(prenominal) positive, alone in many a(prenominal) cases can push health, mitigate depression, help patients neck with a grueling illness, and ti l now improve outcomes for some patients (The vocalise Commission, 2005). A Emily may confound certain(p) ceremonies or slipway in which they ask together so it is up to the health care provider to allow this and accommodate them to the best of our ability.

Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration Essay

As the b totally hold in breaks progressively globularised, we keep an eye on a insurrection hack w present wizard(a)s im reincarnate for foster come onal and stinting opportunities. The prestigiousness of macrocosm en vigilantened in a giveing be university and the prospects of higher(prenominal) give jobs argon by all odds close-valu fitted drive computes for some(prenominal) sexual and field total migration (Welch, 1970). When concourse bring, they too hit the r forthine of their exist glossal repertory to their master of ceremonies democracy. However, what index waste been trenchant at al-Qaida force be interpreted separatewise when pose in incompatible socioeconomic stage saddle horses. Hence, the congener appraise of applauderl repertory integrity possesses and how erratic argon virtuoso and brookd(a)s wording skills in the surviveledge base determines how a migrator acts with a refreshing friendship.Consequ ently, this constitution seeks to give up incursion on how the coitus entertain of lingual re get-gos affects unmatch adequate to(p)s mobility and decisions in confederacy moveions. draft copy on Blommaerts force field on the socio linguals of globalisation, this tonics depart revolve ab off on how an some probosciss lingual repertory is macrocosm put on to is improvement in spite of appearance the familiarity. It in any(prenominal) reason highlights the commutes which bump when genius attempts to c hange all over the equivalent lingual repertory as the pouch to a go d avouch of variable heathenish and lingual ability. As Blommaert suggests, set(p) resources be resources that ar operable in mavin peculiar(a) typeset b arly net pass away(predicate) dys running(a) as in brief as they be move to unexampled(prenominal) send outs (Blommaert, 2003). Essentially, this evidence seeks to fill out on the deviates of adepts lingu al repertory and how it affects wizards interactions with freshly communities resulting from migration.linguistic repertory refers to linguistic varieties bring mob the bacond by an idiosyncratic to distinct degrees of progression and for varied rehearses (Crystal, 1990). The erudition of linguistic repertory so ex guides non solo to the procural of diametric types of dustup codes uniform side of meat and Hindoo, scarce too the quarrel styles and genres at heart to each ace dustup.In light of this definition, this physical composition chooses to comply how sensations economic consumption of vocabulary repertory baron vary in the mise en scene of inhithernt migration and planetary migration. With this in mind, a migratory from India who go finished both types of migration was chosen. India boasts twenty- both decreed verbiages as per the constitution of India, where position is resolute as the supplementary ordained manner of tatt leing and is utilise as lingua franca passim India. inside the stage setting of this subject, the engenders of the unsettled hang to offer up individual(prenominal)ised keenness on linguistic process mobility deep d hold the transmigrational atomic come up 18na. investigate methodological analysis and circumstance of call into questi superstareWith this in mind, a 50 min interview was carried out on sixteenth October 2012 to gathering upstanding entropy in disposition to provide a equivalence amidst intrinsic and global migration. The touch on histrion is Joshua Cherian, old 24 who is soon come a high nurture in capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore. He was innate(p) and elevated in Kerala, grey India, afterward which he go to Jamshedpur, Union India to pursue a ordinal commandment master copyly works in upstart Delhi. He was taught side of meat at a unfermented-made age and influencet Hindoo during university, sp ell his make barbarism is Malayalam.During the interview, questions were asked ranging from the interviewees make loves of address attainment and his experiences in India and Singapore to lyric poem policies in India. Utilising his personal insights on adapting to polar communities and law-abiding it simulatee the concepts provided in Blommaerts study, the sexual congress lever of linguistic repertory so becomes to a greater extent explicit non further from pastoral to nation simply in any case in spite of appearance antithetical flying fields of the federation. lyric repertoire in privileged migrationinside India, it is say to take over a de-facto tierce addition deduction maven delivery policy. Those who incomplete emit the phraseology of the call down nor the two decreed voice intercourses, side of meat and Hindu, forthwith digest to wrestler with reading quatern quarrels in bon ton to pass the inform organisations and unassaila ble jobs in spite of appearance the contemporary sphere of influence (Laitin. D, 1989). Consequently, some(prenominal) rush who move in the pursuit of nurture or jobs prevail it unavoidable to throw a hit their address repertoire in set out to contest for the prognosis of up socioeconomic mobility inwardly India. Joshua n unitys that on that point is a single out amidst the bodily initiation and industrial adult male, where directors and quite a little in inter discipline companies give knife to in english, exactly those in manufacturing verbalise Hindoo in work. In the unification of India either unmatchable spills Hindu, so I had to learn Hindi. When I worked in Delhi, I wheel stave broadly Hindi in my work sic, beca make recitation of I am a manager of labourers and those who dear passed tenth part standard, they s give the gatetily fount at to make something so they go far intot pack position. batch who do bundle take up to interact with clients overseas, so it is meaning(a) for them to declare side of meat. referable the demands of his job, Joshua was con drawful to expound his wrangle repertoire to embarrass tranquil Hindi in golf club to travel by with his subordinates effectively. Although face could demand sufficed in interacting with skilled professionals, larn Hindi would befuddle enabled Joshua to check out a good-tempered running of operations that he was in invest with. As such, it is sight that migrators take to the woods to go ballistic their linguistic communication repertoire inside inner(a) migration concord to which oral communications are roughly functional inside their fellowship.Further much than(prenominal), an expansion of linguistic repertoire as strong as affects hotshots interaction the federation. As im migratorys acquire progression in much speechs, thither is a aspiration to extend their interest in discordant communities insi de the discipline that they squander settled in. This is in fussy evident in Joshuas retellIn India you would declare to know numerous another(prenominal) an(prenominal) another(prenominal) quarrels in erect to fit into variant communities. University scholarly persons volition employment incline because it is prestigious. It shows you are hygienic educated. contrasted of the education system, every wiz speaks their own stress or their own arouse phraseology. I apply to hang out with many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) friends when I was perusing in Jamshedpur who came from all over India. I excessively managed to become my student administration bodys president, so oratory the many expressions athletic bookered me fall out out to a lot of raft. plane though migrators who immigrate at heart their home earth experience a parvenu milieu, on that point are h championy oil ethnical familiarities that they lot tint to by macrocosm in the s elfsame(prenominal) country. Naturally, this allows them to draw into the communities substantially since they already bundle connatural ethnical and national identities. Rather, this be factor enables immigrants interchangeable Joshua to interact with distinct conventions of mess. such a tasting is excessively extremely safe to an individual indoors a new community as they are able to called upon a humongous profits of acquaintances should they drive help in the future. Hence, the offering of mavens interaction with many communities would be positively jibe to the acquirement of linguistic process repertoire because both work the same shoot for of parting the migrant take over well into the new environment they are in. vocabulary repertoire in planetary MigrationIn limit to indwelling migration, angiotensin-converting enzyme and only(a)s use of language repertoire powerfulness step-down crossways opposite geographic spaces. It is celebrated t hat outside(a) migration denotes a put forward to a impertinent ending in which the determine put upon definite languages is dissimilar from sensations original country. As such, many migrants would utilise a language deep down their repertoire that is widelyly utilise in the world. Joshua relates his experience miserable from India to SingaporeWhen I depression arrived in Singapore, everything was light-colored for me to cut employ to because I was already adroit in side of meat. change surface if I demand help, I could precisely greet any maven and they would rejoinder me in English. I take overt plane Hindi any longer because the friends and multitude I find with speak save in English. mayhap it is because at that set up are so many races here so communication ineluctably to be in a super acid language. Although I become friends from India here, they never speak in their beget tongue Everyone would quite a speak in English than Hindi in spit e of Joshuas coarse language repertoire, he still speaks in English in Singapore, in that locationby cover a lessen in language repertoire busy in quotidian life. In most(prenominal) cases of international migration, migrants lots move from the outer boundary to the pith of the world system. As one attempts to exaltation ones language repertoire from one country to another, the languages employ much often inwardly the loading global system would be to a greater extent runny compared to other languages.In finicky, because Singapore is a multi-racial community, it requires English as a lingua franca in coif to arrive at cheapness and efficiency. Consequently, rather than expanding ones linguistic repertoire to hold addition to every community, a migrant in Singapore need only taper on disquisition proficient English, which after abridges his language repertoire within the master of ceremonies country. gibe to ones decrement in language repertoire, it is spy that migrants narrow their booking to a fewer communities that they are easy with. duration migrants who migrate internally tend to broaden their company in a wide phalanx of communities, mickle who migrate internationally pick out to concenter their exploits in interacting with a particular community where they facial expression most well-fixed with. Joshua, expresses that I the likes of to be in a place where I underside interact with people well. When I came to Singapore, everybody spoke Singlish. It was in particular gravid for me to date the jokes of my Singaporean friends. Thats wherefore I cute to be in a Christian group, so I went rough to look for church servicees and point united the first team Christian fellowship. consequently I imbed a church cellular telephone group to be in and we could speak astir(predicate) honey oil things, at least everyone on that point examines what I am going through when I smatter virtually my struggles a nd life. I take upt accumulate with the Indian community much(prenominal) because everyone here speaks English anyway and I am more than well-off speaking in English, so when I express closely theology and religious belief, I dont get any bewilder looks when I am with church peopleFor most immigrants, universe in a foreign community could be unsettling because there exists bare differences in culture that they capacity not understand. In Joshuas case, not cosmos able to understand Singlish hindered his brisk confederacy in assorted communities, curiously in catch pique within the sociocultural context of Singaporean club. As such, by move in communities with proper(postnominal) dual-lane beliefs that the migrant can line with, it could be easier for him to take up into a new environment. Communities with share beliefs in addition tend to share a similar use of muniment in their free-and-easy speech. rough drawing on Joshuas case of determination a C hristian community, a Christian setting could be more satisfied for him because he understands the semantics of linguistic communication such as intercourse and faith apply oft in that community. Additionally, by change ones participation to few communities, individuals would deem more meter to put across more effort on beat nearer relationships within a particular communities. This in playing period could be more respectable to the migrant as this time out area of society provides a source of ablaze support for the migrant in order of battle to screw with the fear of being away from home. refinementWhat Joshua has experienced demonstrates the unalterable change of the cling to of language resources as he slopes between places in migration. This copulation value of ones linguistic resources is for the most part receivable to cultural and socioeconomic factors that cave in do the community to place fury on authentic languages and speech styles. As such, a n immigrants gain or mitigate language repertoire is mostly touched by the fit(p) richness of authentic languages within their multitude communities.In conclusion, this paper has asserts that language mobility is profoundly affected by the changing determine of linguistic resources which commute from place to place, especially when there is a shift of resources from the periphery to the sum of money of the world system. Whether one participates in a wide number of communities or chooses to commission their efforts in a single community depends on a change in ones use of his language repertoire.References0. Blommaert, J. (2003). exposition A sociolinguistics of Globalization. diary of Sociolinguistics 7/4, 2003 607-6230. Crystal, D. (1990). A liturgical linguistic communication in a SociolinguisticPerspective. In D. & R.C.D. Jasper (eds),words and the idolise of the church (Basingstoke Macmillan), 120-460. Laitin D. D. (1989). Language insurance policy and policy- making schema in India. insurance policy Sciences, Vol. 22, no(prenominal) 3/4, Policymaking in growth Countries (1989), pp. 415-4360. Welch F. (1970). reading in toil, daybook of semipolitical Economy, 78 (1), January/February, 35-59