Oedipus The King Essay -- Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Oedipus the King by Sophocles is more than just a plain tragedy. This play is a indecision thriller, where every character involved with Oedipus learned that fate is determined only by the gods. In this specific play, Apollo was deciding god that predicted the fate of every mortal in the city of Thebes. This book represents a symbol of the lives of many, showing that you can not run away from fate because it decision that will forever remain. It was compose in the honor of, the god of theater, Dionysos. Also, for the annual festival where playwrights competed for prizes. It was a major public occasion, with immense attendance expected. This theatric happening was written in the turning charge up of the war that saved Greece from a huge Persian invasion. The actual time period when this play was performed was not recorded. But, it was when mythology and tragedy in theatre became very enkindle and popular to watch. There were two main settings. A town in main Greece called Thebes and another place called Corinth. At Thebes the play is mainly located in the exterior of Oedipus palace at Thebes. The main characters in this book are Oedipus, Tiresias, As the story progresses, however, Oedipus power and pride are broken down. Some readers depend a broken, pitiful old man whos been crushed by the avenging gods. From the script, it is clear that Oedipus is apparently handsome and well built. He is described as a " bulk large of strength," and has a sharp way of looking at people. He is quick-tempered, and often acts recklessly and violently. His followers love him, and consider him a brilliant ruler because he solved the riddle of the Sphinx and brought ease to the city of Thebes as Oedipus became their savior. Oedipus too shows wisdom, love for his children and a reputation for high moral standards. Weve come to this conclusion because unconstipated when the threat, of whoever killed Lauis would suffer, use to him he still followed through with the pu nishments. He has a passion for truth, and shows courage in the face of disaster or conflict. These same noble qualities, however, lead to his sad flaw and brought upon his downfall. His wisdom became hypocritical, and he refused to believe anyone who didnt agree with him. His love for his children becomes obsessive, and he refuses to see that hes married his own mother. His passion for the truth and high m... ...e.                                         Oedipus see for the truth lead him to the discovery that he was not a "child of luck," but a "man of misfortune." His fate was determined years before his birth, as proven by the prophecy of the oracles. All he could do was live out his destiny, but he did this with such dignity and heroism. Oedipus showed great nobility even in suffering and despair. At t he end of Oedipus at Colonus Oedipus pursued the truth to its horrible conclusion. Having blinded himself, Oedipus was a broken and shaken man. But he also became a model for people to imitate. He has shown what it means to endure in the face of defeat. He has shown what it takes to survive in a world that is ruled by unpredictable fate. He has shown the true meaning of suffering and despair. When you think of Oedipus, remember that he suffered for all of us, so that everyone can know the truth about ourselves in a world that will always be hostile and cruel.

Ethical Analysis of Online Gambling Essay -- Gamblers Addictions Essay

Ethical Analysis of Online GamblingIntroductionOpen up your email over a long weekend and youll likely find a plethora of online casino advertisements. Welcome Bonus up to $150 supernumerary Ask the traditional land based casino gambler on whether he would gamble online and his first reaction would likely be Are you haywire? When gambling at land based casinos, games are likely to be fair because the consequences of cheating by casino operators are disastrous. Casinos found to offer set up games will lose their gambling licenses permanently. Land based casino gamblers are also virtually guaranteed that any winnings they accumulate will be give out. However, meshwork casinos are generally unregulated and offer neither of these guarantees. Nevertheless, online gambling has garnered a huge global audience. Online casinos cater to the lucrative market of stay-at-home bettors who only remove a bank account and Internet access in order to participate in online gambling. How ever, online gambling presents unique ethical problems to society.BackgroundThe Internet has opened the gambling industry to a whole new range of consumers. Most postulates in the United States have some form of legal gambling, ranging from state lotteries to bingo. However, in order to participate in the more exotic casino games such as blackjack, poker, and slots, you used to have to travel all the way to Nevada, Indian reservations, or gambling boats. Today all you have to do is install casino software on your computer and you can experience online gambling in the comfort of your own home. Some online casinos offer games on web sites, so you dont even have to install anything. Gamblers no longer need to fly to Las Vegas in order to play slots. ... ...tte, <http//www.gamblingpress.com/archive/2003/02/gamblingpress0016.htm (13 Feb, 2003).29. Voters Approve A Lottery, <http//www.calottery.com/about.asp, (6 Nov, 1984).30. Sector Report onling gambling, NetImperitive, <h ttp//www.netimperative.info/pdf/onlinegamblingfinal.pdf, (May 2002).31. Spinello, Richard A., Frameworks for Ethical Analysis, <http//cseserv.engr.scu.edu/NQuinn/COEN288/framework.pdf.32. Pastore.33. Locke, John, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, <http//www.constitution.org/jl/2ndtr05.txt, (1690).34. result of Independence, <http//www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/charters_of_freedom/declaration/declaration_transcription.html, (4 Jul, 1776). 35. Longstreet, Stephen, Win or Lose A Social History of Gambling in America (Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill, 1997), p. 31.36. Ibid., p. 37.

Undercover marketing :: essays research papers

Undercover MarketingUndercover Marketing is an unconventional strategy used to attract consumers. It is where the consumer doesnt realize theyre being marketed to. The goal of any undercover campaign is to generate a buzz about a new product. The largest appeal of undercover marketing is that it offers detached word of mouth that can reach many consumers.There atomic number 18 a few ways to implement this kind of marketing. One way is to call models or celebrities to be seen drinking a particular new beverage at a bar. Another way is to use fake tourists. These fake tourists require someone to take their picture with a new high tech camera and then they explain the benefits of the new camera they are using.There are a few companies who have done this type of marketing. One company, called Essential Reality, launched a new type of video game paw. With the glove on, you can disappear planes and fire weapons all with the movement of your fingers. The idea was to market the glove at coffee shops and crowded places. All the company did to market there new glove was go out and have fun with their latest toy and wait to be approached by consumers. When approached, they would ask other lot to give the glove a try. They would also say clever sound bites similar to Its like you are actually in the game. The marketers would then tell them how well they are doing with the glove on. No one is trying to selling you anything. The companies just want to halt you to want their new product and to tell your friends about it. They want to get you heterogeneous with it. They pretend to be your friends and offer information about the products.When Sony Ericsson released its new phone that took pictures, they launched a program called fake tourists. Sixty actors took to the streets in ten cities. They would approach people and ask then to take there picture with their new phone. Once the phone was in the consumers hand, the fake tourist would say something like, Thanks fo r taking our picture. That phone is cool, right? And then they would explain some of the phones features.The companies who employ undercover marketing are feeding off of the word of mouth tactic to sell products and get the word out. The problem is, their word of mouth tactic is not genuine.

Product Evaluation: A Hairdryer Essay -- Papers

Product Evaluation A Hairdryer Introduction. I am a 4th year student in St Patricks Grammar naturalize Downpatrick studying technology and design for my GCSE. I must do two focused tasks, my first task is a product evaluation, for this task I testament be evaluating a hairdryer manufactured by Vidal Sassoon. Justification. I picked this appliance because It is a commonly used accommodatehold object. I have this appliance in my house so I can look at it whilst testing it against my specification. It is a unisex appliance used by all age groups. I am interested to find out how this appliance actually works. It fits the criteria which is It must have an element of control. It must have a power source. It must be a technological product. Safety. Plastic is used to make the casing of the hairdryer. Plastic is an excellent insulator which does not conduct electricity, heat and is also waterproof. It will not retread with high temperatures. The electric element which is housed well inside the hairdryer does not come in contact with wet hair. An additional feature of this hairdryer is that it has an automatic safety cut-off facility. If in that location is any danger to the user or if it heats up above a certain temperature the trip switch located in the electric meter thump switches. There are square shaped grids at both ends of the appliance. These grids prevent hair from the user acquire sucked inside the appliance. The grids also prevent dust from getting into the appliance and onto the element. The cable connected to the rear of the handle is well insulated. It is also quite flexible, which help... ...ed into shape. The heating element has to conduct electricity and heat, so it will be made of a suitable metal. This metal element/core, has to be able to be worked into complex shapes. So obviously it is going to be a white gauge metal and the beat conductor of electricity and heat. Through science, I know that copper is the best conductor of electricity, but the disadvantage is that it tends to be expensive. Aesthetics. The boilers suit colour scheme is silver at the nozzle and maroon at the handle. The buttons and wiring are black. The plastic has a shiny high quality finish, it gets this from the condensing moulding and the properties of the plastic. The metallic material on the nozzle also has a high quality finish. The shape of the hairdryer is like a hand gun. All the edges on the hairdryer are curved.

Borrelia Burgdorferi Essay -- Medical Health Biology Essays

Borrelia BurgdorferiLife HistoryLyme disease is an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete that is set up in deer ticks of genus Ixodes. Lyme disease was named in 1977 after arthritis was observed in clusters in children in Lyme, Connecticut. An infected tick can transmit B. burgdorferi to the humans and animals that it bites. If leftfield untreated, the B. burgdorferi can cause a systemic infection by traveling through the bloodstream and establishing itself in various body tissues. Lyme disease is most prevalently raise in north-eastern United States. Microbial Characteristics and VirulenceBorrelia burgdorferi is not classified as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. When B. burgdorferi is Gram-stained, the cells stain a weak Gram-negative by default, as safrin is the last dye used. B. burgdorferi has an outer membrane that contains an LPS-like substance, an inner membrane, and a periplasmic space which contains a layer of peptidoglycan. They have endoflagella w hich are contained within the periplasmic space. It can be cultivated on a modified Kelly medium called BSK (Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly). BSK solidified with 1.3% agarose allows the production of colonies from single organisms. The spirochete grows more slowly than most other bacteria dividing at one time after 12-24 hours. B. burgdorferi resembles other spirochetes in that it is a highly specialized, motile, two-membrane, spiral-shaped bacteria which lives primarily as an extracellular pathogen. One of the most striking features of B. burgdorferi as compared with other true bacteria is its unusual genome, which includes a linear chromosome approximately one megabase in size and numerous linear and circular plasmids. Long-term culture of B. burgdorferi re... ..., Pennsylvania, Delaware Maryland, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin. Lyme disease accounts for approximately 16,000 infections in the United States per year. Since 1982 there have been over 145,000 cases reported to health authori ties in the US. Lyme disease accounts for 95% of vector borne illness and the incidence rate is 5 per 100,000 although this number may be less than true cases due to underreporting. People of all ages and both genders are equally susceptible, although highest attack rates are in children ages 0-14 years and in persons 30 years of age or older.Sources Citedhttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htmhttp//www.aldf.com/Lyme.aspPARA1http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/bburgdorferi.htmhttp//www.aldf.com/Lyme_TreatmentTable.htmlhttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/epi.htmhttp//www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic588.htm

Borrelia Burgdorferi Essay -- Medical Health Biology Essays

Borrelia BurgdorferiLife HistoryLyme disease is an transmitting caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete that is found in deer ticks of genus Ixodes. Lyme disease was named in 1977 later arthritis was observed in clusters in children in Lyme, Connecticut. An infected tick can transmit B. burgdorferi to the humans and animals that it bites. If left untreated, the B. burgdorferi can cause a systemic infection by traveling through the bloodstream and establishing itself in various body tissues. Lyme disease is most prevalently found in north-eastern United States. Microbial Characteristics and VirulenceBorrelia burgdorferi is not classified as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. When B. burgdorferi is Gram-stained, the cells stain a weak Gram-negative by default, as safrin is the last dye used. B. burgdorferi has an outer tissue layer that contains an LPS-like substance, an inner membrane, and a periplasmic space which contains a layer of peptidoglycan. They have endoflold agel la which are contained within the periplasmic space. It can be cultivated on a modified Kelly medium called BSK (Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly). BSK solidified with 1.3% agarose allows the production of colonies from single organisms. The spirochete grows more slowly than most other bacteria dividing once after 12-24 hours. B. burgdorferi resembles other spirochetes in that it is a super specialized, motile, two-membrane, spiral-shaped bacteria which lives primarily as an extracellular pathogen. One of the most striking features of B. burgdorferi as compared with other eubacteria is its unusual genome, which includes a linear chromosome approximately wholeness megabase in size and numerous linear and circular plasmids. Long-term culture of B. burgdorferi re... ..., Pennsylvania, Delaware Maryland, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin. Lyme disease accounts for approximately 16,000 infections in the United States per year. Since 1982 there have been over 145,000 cases inform to health authorit ies in the US. Lyme disease accounts for 95% of vector borne illness and the incidence rate is 5 per 100,000 although this number may be less than dead on target cases due to underreporting. People of all ages and both genders are equally susceptible, although highest attack rates are in children ages 0-14 years and in persons 30 years of age or older.Sources Citedhttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htmhttp//www.aldf.com/Lyme.aspPARA1http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/bburgdorferi.htmhttp//www.aldf.com/Lyme_TreatmentTable.htmlhttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/epi.htmhttp//www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic588.htm

Art and Humanities Essay

The Music I associate with from my early childhood would be so many polar songs from like the alphabet songs. When I grew up we were non allowed watching TV so much in the 70s. however we watched some cartoons like the pastures on Saturday mornings I still remember the song Fa-la-la-la. I grew up listing to reggae and oldies but goodies music on my parents little radio in the living room. When I hear these songs I have a smile on my face.It always reminded me when my children was listening to some of the same kind of music either on Television or radio or when they watched cartoons like Old MacDonald or Bitsy Spider with the same good old folk rhymes. As I got older I remember listening to bands like the S. O. S. , Dazz band. My mom always made me play her cassette deck with her oldies or reggae music while she cleaned the house conduct to bottom. She always danced around while she was cleaning and it made cleaning looked like so much gambling. And to this day if I help my wif e with house chores I listen to the same kind of music then my mother was listening to.My daughter is the exact same way she plays music all the successions. The Music I associate with my adolescence is R&B disco music from the 1980s and 90s. I loved mostly all of them and I would listen to any songs I want to be your man by Rogers or Keith Sweat Make it last forever, Between the sheets by The Isley Brothers, I could just go on and on. I went through many phases where I start listening to Madonna or country music and different artists like them, but I hope it had something do to with being a young boy growing up.Up to this day I could listen to all the same artists, bands or songs and think most the carefree days I had and being a high school boy being crazy with all my friends. But there was a time in my life where I was real crazy and just listening to rap music and started using the bad words and believe me that was not for ache because my mother got rid of all my rap music q uickly. And now if my children would listen to some rap music I tell them please not in my home.When it comes to comfort in music I always find myself going back and listen to oldies or reggae that was alwaysplaying when my mother was cleaning the house. It was an habitual thing for my mom because it seemed that our home was never clean enough for her because we were six children coming in from football fields dirty or the backyard. But anytime I came into the house the same oldies or reggae music was playing, it was either Bob Marley Buffalo Soldiers or the oldies song Lets stay together by Al Green When I have a bad day or just want to relax I find myself sitting down and good turn on music and listen to the 70s or 80s songs, because that is what gets my head clear and then I can focus again. ecstasy is a mood I would associate with songs or music that has a good rhythm and has a positive message. The song that makes me able is Buffalo Soldiers by Bob Marley just like my mother , she would play that song over and over again. I would say that every genre and style of music has it songs that are happy, sad, comforting, depressing, fun and any other mood or feeling one could have. This is not because of how the song really sounds or the way its played, its the meaning from the lyrics. But the listener interprets the song in a way that only you can relate to.That is why music is so important to me because it can be a musical time line of our memories. I will always remember the music I grew up with and all the god times I had as a child and this is what I took into my Adulthood. In my life, music has been a constant, ever changing magical and amazing adventure. Music has always been a part of an occasional life for so many years and so many more years to come, because no matter if we understand the music that the one likes or not it does not matter to us.All we need to know is what we like and what impact music has on us. Music may make a person happy or sad because of the memories they re-live. No matter what it might be you must know that music is needed and wanted. References Altschuler, R. J. (2009). The Art of Being Human The Humanities as a Technique for Living. Retrieved from www. youtube. com/watch? v=S5FCdx7Dn0o Retrieved from www. youtube. com/watch? v=RCcg7ctrC4w.

Marriage and family class Essay

There be galore(postnominal) different factors of communicating in races. single of the most a lot asked questions about communion is how one achieves mutual parley in any type of a relationship. People sometimes disembodied spirit that communication makes a dampen marriage. Many people lots wonder how to reconnect with their partner after communication has stopped. Body language or non verbal communication plays a major place in communication. These be some the topics that will be discussed in this research paper.Mutual communication is achieved when both partners in a relationship can effectively listen and communicate their feelings with one another. Some say that this is the basis for a healthy long lasting relationship. There are many skills a sizable listener has to keep. Some of which are easier to express than others are. The most important of which is expressing empathy (De Jong). In mutual communication both partners should make eye gather with one another. U sually when one makes eye contact it shows that they are paying attention to what the other soulfulness is saying to them at the time. When mutually communicating neither partner should send destructive messages. Destructive messages include but are not limited to ordering, black, lecturing, and ridiculing (Lauer). Destructive messages lead to conflict and not resolution.When one person sends a destructive message to the listener the listener to a greater extent than likely will get discouraged and that will make the situation worse. Ordering and threatening lead to more of a power struggle rather than to effective communication. There are manydifferent styles of a poor listener. There are people who fake the fact that they are sense of hearing when their mind is in another place. For ex huge John is making it seem like he is listening to his wife Julie when in fact he is persuasion about his golf game the next day.There are people who interrupt. Interrupting decreases mutual com munication. There are overly people who can intellectually listen and carry on a conversation. An example of an intellectual listener is Jessica. Jessica has just told her friend Jake about her fresh teacher at her college. She tells Jake what he taught and the manner in which he taught it. Jessica is clearly giving Jake non verbal cues that should lead him to believe that she has a romantic recreate in the new teacher. Jake does not pick up on the cues but criticizes the style that the teacher uses to teach his classes.Some people say that communication makes a better marriage. Everyday conversations increase satisfaction by offering a broad range of topics to be discussed. Usually in a marriage, when everyday conversation increases happiness, and the partners often laugh more together. Everyday conversation also allows the couple to talk about their interests and the happenings of their day in a relaxed and calm setting. When you have good communication in a marriage, conflicts are often calmly discussed.People in a marriage are self disclosed. Self disclosure is defined as the honest revealing of ones self to another. Self disclosure increases intimacy and marital satisfaction (Lahey). Partners who are in a married situation often feel the need to communicate their feelings and ideas to keep their marriage on the loose(p), happy, and healthy. The main reason for breakup of marriages is a lack of communication (Stark). The cause for the lack of communication most often is that people do not know how to properly communicate with one another especially in a conflict situation where they do not agree on a point.Sometimes it counters someone from a neutral point of view to point this fact out to couples, who are having problems in the relationship. close often the couple will not realize that they have a problem unless an outside source points it out to them. This could table service them or create more conflict with in the relationship. If there is a prob lem, and there is no communication between the two partners in the relationship the problem willgrow. However, if there is good communication the problem has potential to be resolved and to possibly never reoccur (De Jong).It is also important, to effectively communicate, to maintain the boundaries. Maintaining boundaries is the separation of home life from work life. If you give your work life into your home life discussions, it is more than likely that you will get distracted from the topic at hand (Stark). Some people occupy their work life home it creates jealousy. Jealousy is also a leading cause of breakups in a relationship (Laurer). When people effectively communicate in a married relationship, exchange and role equity are heightened. Exchange equity, for example is the female being the primary b state winner and the male staying home. affair equity, is sharing the chores of the house as well as the duties of the head of the house.Partners in a married relationship may ha ve different opinions about role and exchange equity. Some people feel that the female should stay home and be a traditional house wife. For example the woman would do the dishes, laundry, and take care of the children. Some people feel that both the male and female should be able to go to work and have a career. Effective communication in a marriage about these kinds of feelings can solve many future problems in a rational and timely manner (Lauer). Therefore, if there is ample problem solving and good communication, in a marriage it will generally be a healthier, happier, more satisfying marriage.Body language or non-verbal communication is said to be used between 50-80 percent in a relationship. Women use non-verbal cues or body language more often than males do. Non verbal cues froe example are the position in which a person is sitting, the expression on ones face, or the amount of eye contact that they are making. If you have an open posture, and are leaning in towards the spea ker, you are giving off good body language. If you are sitting with your arms crossed, and a closed posture hence you are giving off bad body language. Women also tend to allege into body language and the meanings behind it more than men (Lauer).Women tend to read body language on a more emotional level than men do. For example women tend to see when someone has a romantic interest in another where as men do not see that. Partners, generally speaking, in a good relationship should be able to readthe other partners body language and know what they want to say without them always having to verbalize their thoughts. Body language can tell your partner what you are thinking without actually having to say it.I decided on this particular topic for a few reasons. The first of which is that I have seen a lot of friends and family who have been in relationships that did not last and wanted to figure out why that was. The second reason was because I thought it could help me in my future rel ationship(s), and to help me from making the same mistakes that I have in the past or that others have made.Another reason that I chose this topic is because I am also interested in being a counselor and counselors need to be able to have good communication with their clients. Another reason is because counselors need to be able to understand, in some sense, where their clients are coming from and to be able to help in any way possible.One good analogy that I found one day while surfing the internet was this If you were to be in thorough and complete communication with a car and a road, you would sure enough have no difficulty driving that car. But if you are in only partial communication with the car and in no communication with the road, it is jolly certain that an accident will occur. This was said by Ronald Hubbard who is an expert in the field of scientology. He deals mainly with the realm of communication.That quote really inspired me to witness into the realm of communicati on further. I wanted to know what effects that it had on a relationship and / or a marriage. Just an ending piece of advice The shell problem solving agent is honest open and effective problem solving.Works CitedDeJong, Peter. Interviewing for Solutions, 2nd Edition. CaliforniaWadsworth Group, 2002.Hubbard, Ronald. www.standardtraining.com Church ofScientology International 2000-2002.Lahey, Benjamin B., Psychology an introduction, seventh Edition. NewYork McGraw Hill, 2001.Laurer, Robert H. and Lauer, Jeanette C., Marriage and Family, 4thEdition. Chicago Brown & Benchmark, 2000.Stark, Rodney. Sociology, 8th Edition. Wadsworth Group, 2001.

Motivation Theories Essay

Content theories of indigence be based on the fact that the labor activity of workers payable solely to the necessitates and focus on their identification. In turn, procedural theories of motivation are based on the fact that behavior of an individual is determined non only by a persons needs, but also by the perception of the situation, expectations for the capacity, as well as the effects of the selected type of behavior, check to Motivation.Needs. It should be noted that Abraham Maslow recognized that people have many different needs and they could be divided into five main categories he theory of legal expert expectations. According to this theory, the bequeaths achieved by the employee depend on three variables the effort, the ability of a persons character and awareness of its role in the labor process. The take of effort, in turn, depends on the value of interest and assesses the likelihood of relations efforts and rewarded. Achieving the desired results can lead to i nternal rewards of the gratification of the work performed, and external rewards financial incentives, praise, career, etceteraIt is also believed that there may be a link between performance and employee to give him rewards that reflect the possibilities determined by the head of a picky employee and the organization. Value theory by L. Porter E. Lawler in the practice of motivation is that it shows how important it is to create a motivational system to combine elements such as effort, ability, results, reward, satisfaction and perception. Furthermore L. Porter E. Lawler showed that the high productivity of work is the cause of complete satisfaction, rather than a consequence of it.An important conclusion of this theory is the need to change the employees salary, depending on the success of his work. According to the theory of justice, people have their own assessment of the equity interest issued for certain results. Satisfaction is the result of internal and external reward s based on their equity. Satisfaction is a measure of how valuable reward actually is. This assessment will affect the persons perception of future situations.Motivational concepts that are also enough know are related to a group of circumscribe theories are the theory of David McClelland, in which he focuses on the needs of the higher levels power, success and involvement. On this basis, according to McClelland, there is a fourth requirement to avoid trouble, obstacles or opposition to the instruction execution of the above three requirements. Motivational and hygienic model of F. Herzberg. It is widely known among scholars and practitioners was another model of motivation, real F.Hertzberg with employees in the mid 50-ies of XX century and known as the two-factor theory of hygiene. As hygiene factors, he took the following company policy and administrationworking conditions earnings interpersonal relationships with superiors, colleagues and subordinates degree of direct book over the work. Motivation, according to F. Herzberg, is achievement of objectives, promotion, high level of responsibility and autonomy, creative and business growth, recognition, interesting content work. According to F.Herzberg hygiene factors themselves are not a cause for satisfaction, but their degradation leads to dissatisfaction with work, according to Frederick Herzbergs motivation and hygiene factors. Therefore, these factors are not motivating for employees value. Group motivators directly cause job satisfaction and affect the level of labor achievements. The theory of five nuclear factors by Hackman and Oldham. In the 70-ies of XX century was published a review of Hackman and Oldham the impact of the content of labor to maintain motivation.Developing the doctrine F. Herzberg, in their model, they identified five so-called nuclear factors, which, to them, a epoch-making effect on work motivation. In accordance with the severity of these factors in the ordinary activities of the employee, they lead to the specific experiences that Hackman and Oldham called critical mental states. Group theory of valence-instrumentality expectations includes concepts of Heinz Heckhausen, Vroom and a number of similar theories relating to procedural learning motivation towards work behavior.Common to these theories is the proposition that there is a requirement not only requirement motivation. People consciously choose a course of conduct which, in their view, would lead to the desired results. These theories try to explain what objectives are formed, and why, how persistent they are pursued to achieve the expected results. The theory of evaluator S. Adams. The group process of theories of motivation is aimed at organizational problems of production, the substance of the work, and is to be widely used in the western management theory of justice, developed in the 60 years of XX century.Adams, on the results of studies conducted in the company General-Electric. This t heory postulates the search for the individual a certain state of equilibrium with its neighborly environment (in particular, in terms of evaluation and pay, rewards for achievement). Individual comparabilitys two relationships the relationship between his own effort and reward same ratio, seen in monitoring the activities of others and to compare with their own efforts and reward. The theory of motivation of D. Atkinson.One of the theories is a process known as the theory of motivation of D. Atkinson, the essence of which is as follows. Employee behavior is the result of the fundamental interaction of the individual qualities of the individual and the situation of its perception. Each person strives for success, avoids failure and has two related motives the motive for success and motivations to avoid failures. The theory of reinforcement B. Skinner. A significant contribution to the study of the mechanisms of human motivation to work made development of B.Skinner, who proposed t he theory in 1938, increase motivation (reinforcement theory), the essence of which is as follows peoples behavior is determined by their past experiences. Consequently, workers prefer a mission that in the past entailed positive results, according to Theories of Motivation. All in all, there are many motivational theories and many authors who have shown their opinion considering the issue. Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler, Maslow, Atkinson Heckhausen, and Hackman and Oldham have different point of view but all of them have something in common.The theories of motivation describe the reasons and personal development that a human has and expands its potential, as well as the need for self-actualization that can never be fully satisfied. Works cited Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs motivational model.

Analysis of two Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution Essay

ObjectiveTo determine the concentrations of the active ingredients in 2 commercial bleaches.IntroductionSodium hypochlorite is usually found in bleaching answers. It is the active ingredient of bleaching solutions. It bleaches by oxidation. When it is added to dye, the following reaction occursClO- + dye - Cl- + (dye + O)If the oxidized form of the dye is colorless, then the color of the dye would fade away.In the front man of acid, the hypochlorite ions from the bleaching solution reacts with the iodine ions from potassium iodide in the following wayClO- + 2I- + 2H+ I2 + H2O + Cl-When atomic number 11 thiosulphate solution is added into this reacted solution, a further reaction occursI2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62-This reaction could be employ in titration to find out the number of moles of thiosulphate ions, thus the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the bleaching solution.Procedure1. 10 cm3 of Kao Bleach was pipette into a volumetric flask. Distilled water was added until the me niscus reaches the graduation point.2. 25 cm3 of the titrated bleach was pipette into a conical flask. About 10 cm3 of potassium iodide and dilute sulphuric acid was added into the conical flask.3. The solution was titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution until the brown colour of the iodine fades.4. Starch solution was added into the conical flask, and the solution was further titrated until the dark-brown colour of the starch-iodine complex turns to colourless. The volume of sodium thiosulphate solution required to reach the end point was recorded.5. Steps 1 to 4 were repeated 3 more times.6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated apply Clorox Bleach.Data and CalculationMolarity of standard Na2S2O3 solution = 0.05182MBrand A KaoPrice $11.9/ 1500mlTrial123Final reading/cm326.823.125.726.0 sign reading/ cm34.10.42.93.2Volume of Na2S2O322.722.722.822.8

Adam Smith: Of the Wages of Labour Essay

Adam Smith spoke about the existing relationship between wages and motor and comp ared it to how it is observed in other countries like magnetic north America, India and China. In this section of his book, he had described how things would have been like if diddlyshits had managed and owned their produce. Smith had stated that in the original state of things, the finished product simply belongs to the laborer. Things would have gradually become cheaper since almost every(prenominal)one with a backbone could rely on their own solve produce.Even if the produce is made by a small number of laborers, the commodities produced would most likely be of equal standards compared to other laborers since it is non marked by profit for others but for oneself. In reality, the concept of ownership and private properties has long been the determinants of peoples places. Smith has said that in every business undertaking, every laborer depends upon a maitre d or owner to obtain the necessary ma terials they need for work and for their survival needs. The master shares in the produce of a laborer through profit, which is the value that is placed for the work produced.Whatever contract the laborer and master agrees upon the end result determines the wage received by the laborer. Most often, the interests of the know and laborers are in conflict, which creates tension and dilemma in the relationship. The laborers desire to get as much from their produce as they can but their masters would sole(prenominal) offer them a minimal amount than their asking price. Smith also noted that most masters merge to contain or maintain get-go wages since it will affect their share of the profit while laborers unite to raise the stakes.In the long-run, the laborer may be a necessity to his master as the master is to the laborer but the relationship is not that compulsory on the part of the master. This is due to the fact that laborers live by their work, which should be equal enough to ma intain a decent living. Smith went on to express what he had observed from the lowest species of common laborers in Europe who have a difficulty in sustaining a large family. Most often, the wages of common laborers are not enough to feed their children of four. The amount that a laborer commonly gets is sufficient enough for only one person.Herein lies the sentiments of the common laborers who do heavy menial work yet are not paid sufficiently for their dues. Smith goes on to compare the high wages in North America for the common laborers to those of European countries. According to him, England is a much wealthier country than North America but in relation to the wages it gives to laborers, the latter gains the upper hand. In Great Britain and most other European countries, it was said that wages were not expected to be doubled in less than five hundred years.Labor is so well rewarded in North America, China and India that families with numerous children are a source of opulence and prosperity to the parents since they contribute more income to the family. The demand for those who live by wages is said to cast up in proportion to the increase of the funds. According to Smith, these funds are of two kinds. First is the concept of revenue, which is what is necessary for the maintenance of the business and second is the stock which is needed for the employment of the masters.Smith has maintain that if there is an increase in the revenue and stock of a business, then there is an increase in a nations wealth and this is what he has observed in the countries he mentioned in the text. Adam Smith had made good observations regarding his view of wages and labor in contemporary modern generation and he had been able to clearly define what ails the relationship between laborers and it masters.ReferenceSmith, A. (1994). Of the Wages of Labour. The Wealth of Nations. Modern Library. New York Random House.

Technical Analysis Question Bank

Most historic of cycles in the studying the relationship betwixt cycles of different lengths? Phase 3. Translation Is trump out described as multipurpose in checking where the dilute direction Is perioded or If It Is changing. 4. Elliot Wave cycle Is composed of 8 sub waves. 5. 5-wave Elliot upward motive Impulse wave, the wideest and to the highest degree combat-ready Is the third wave. 6. Long- call legal injury movements with volatility logarithmic 7. Not a continuation material body broadening formation 8. According to defence theory, vicarious corrections can most promising be re plantd by a stemma 9.Least important when analyzing a campaign distance from current hurt 10. What is most likely indi ptyalizeed when Bollixing Bands narrow? A stocks volatility has decreased 1 1 . Which of the pursuance is non aline about gaps? Gaps atomic number 18 al meanss fill up 12. Which of the fol secondaryers does NOT represent a sell signal confirmation for DOD theo ry? The DOD Jones industrials and the DOD Jones Transportation indexes peak simultaneously. 13. DOD Theory uses closing termss 14. catamenia and figure charts argon LEAST likely suited for Identifying aras of accumulation or dilutions. 5. Which of the following Is a Fibonacci ratio use In treatment? 50% 16. use MA to signal debase/sell decisions can result In a number of whipsaws in obliquely waying food foodstuffs 17. Point-and-figure 18. Which of the following is usually associated with major market tops? Ascending triplicitys widen formation 19. In DOD Theory, the length of secondary form is most likely three weeks to three months 20. As a general rule, in rectangle, triangle, flag and pennant patterns, vividness most likely decreases as the pattern snugs completion. 21 .Which of the following types of gaps is LEAST likely to be filled when it occurs with high good deal? Breakaway 22. Trends argon much likely to brave than reverse in all markets 23. Which of the following is NOT an Important use for an oscillator? Providing a method for evaluating the performance of a security relative to another security or advocate. 24. Which of the following Is characteristic of winds? Any stylus Is Influenced by Its next perennial and next shorter snub 25. Directional Movement Indicator 26. Regarding track, which one is NOT correct? Breakouts from back off/ apology are usually a change in trend.The longish the trend, the more difficult it is to get word its retrogression. 27. To increase the sensitivity of a ex. point and figure chart, one would decrease the turning point sizing. 28. Point and figure 29. Which of the following patterns are found on point and figure charts? Doll Head and shoulders 30. Point and figure 31 . Point and figure 32. Which of the following Is characteristic of a log scale for a chart? They are typically used In Antiradar charts. They are preferred over arithmetic scaling for semipermanent trend analysis 33. Point an d figure 34. An Inverse head and shoulders pattern Is a reversal pattern 35.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of art futures contracts relative to trading stocks? Theology used to construct the S&P 500 Index 37. Symmetrical triangles are also called coils 38. The undecomposable pitiful average out gives equal load to each periods set 39. Not true? Moving averages lead market action 40. The most comm lone(prenominal) used price to calculate a MA is the close 41 . Not correct? Long-term MA give fewer buy and sell signals than shorter SAM. Are better at giving signals at major tops than Smash. 42. ***A lamentable average is a smoothing device 43. When compared to long term Mass, SMASH produce more trades 44.Volume in a head and shoulders pattern is usually highest during the formation of the left holder 45. Symmetrical triangle price patterns should chiefly be accompanied by a gradual pooh-pooh in volume until the breakout 46. return interest is the number of future c ontracts outstanding at any one time in each oral communication month 47. A candlestick with identical, or nearly identical, spread and closing prices is a chick 48. The radical use of a candlestick pattern is to identify indications of both reversal and continuation patterns 49. Not a nervous impulse oscillator gain ground/dec disceptation line 50.Which of the following can be used in concurrence with candlestick analysis to improve results? Using western techniques to confirm a candle pattern. 51 . Which is correct? Triangles do not appear in long-term charts because of their very short nature The proper order to follow in chart analysis is to begin with the long roam and gradually work to the near term in order to gain perspective 52. For a futures contract, daily volume refers to the number of contracts traded during the twenty-four hours 53. The objective of the DOD theory is to determine the primary direction of the stock market. 54.Point and figure ignores time and volume 55. The c at one timept of RSI measuring rods the relationship between two securities 56. The vindication aim of a price trend refers to the level where selling interest is sufficiently strong to overcome buying pressure 57. Advance-decline line 58. tactful Wave extends for a period of 54 years 59. The organize for a rectangle can be calculated by adding the flower of the formation to the breakout price 60. MA crossovers can be used to indicate buy and sell signals 61 . Not considered a sentiment indicator? Specialist short sales ratio advance decline line 62.Not correct regarding amphetamine resistance lines? 63. ***An exhaustion gap is associated with the beginning state of a bear market 64. Statements that is right regarding point and figure charts and bar charts is correct? A youthful plot on a point and figure chart is made only when the price changes by a given amount. 65. Point and figure charts pomposity sequential reversals of price in unit increments 66. Po int and figure chart, a new entry is added only when the price has moved by equal to or more than the specified box size 67. Point and figure 68. RSI between a stock and the market? Line 69. candlestick displays opening price and closing price 70. A shaded real be candlestick substance the closing price is lower than the opening price 71 . An important use of a trend line is to identify a price target for the extent of the price movement house a signal of a reversal in trend 72. TA believes the more times a trend line has been successfully tested, the greater the signification of its violation 73. In a head and shoulders, volume generally is heaviest during the and form 75. A SAM is often criticized because equal weight is given to each point included in the calculation 76.An exponentially smooth MA gives more weight to more recent observations 77. A sell signal is normally given when a shorter length moving average crosses a long length MA from to a higher place. 8. Oscillato rs are used to alert the analyst to overbought or oversold conditions 79. Oscillators are most utilizable when prices are in a trading range 80. Violated support levels typically sprain support levels as prices fall lower become resistance levels on price bounces 81 . As with trend lines, speed resistance lines must be confirm with volume reverse roles once they are violated 82.A procession RSI line for a stock in a falling market indicates that the stock is underperforming outperforming the market 83. Which indicators would be most overhaulful in analyzing a trading range? Oscillators 84. Not used to measure arrest breadth? Plurality index sell/buy ratio 85. RSI indicates positive price pulsing the security is performing better than the market or the entity being compared 86. Not an assumption of TA? Investors act rationally 87. *** When Bollixing Bands contract it means that volatility has decreased 88. Least useful chart pattern? Broadening formations 89.Not a characteristic of a doc? It is an effective pattern based upon percent winners 90. Not correct about gaps? The most profitable gaps are opening gaps 91 . Continuation pattern? Flag 92. An extreme overbought reading on a momentum indicator in the early stages of a ally shows that the market is ready to correct indicates that the rally is strong and will probably carry further 93. Chart establishes price targets based on a horizontal bar point and figure charts 94. opposition investing 95. Most comprehensive index? S 500 Composite Index Wilshire 5000 Equity Index 96.The all-night term cycle recognize in TA is the Considerate cycle 97. The January effect refers to a seasonal tendency in which return for the year tend to be positive when January returns are positive Small cap stocks outperform lar cap stocks in January 98. Not a sentiment indicator? Brokerage firm hiring carnal knowledge Strength Index 99. Equivocal 100. Not a characteristic of on-balance volume (BOB)? It is interpreted by compar ing it to the price divergences, trending breaks and price patterns to point out profound force-out or weakness. It is plotted on a bar chart 101 .Not correct regarding point and figure? Due to complexness in their creation, it has only come into common usage since the advent of computers 109. CEO sells 10,000 shares of his company shares? Informed market 110. Not a consideration for money management? Trend following strategies 1 1 1 . Risk is defined s variability of returns loss of capital 112. Important diorama of money management is diversification find out the optimum position size 113. 114. True regarding short sales pull the trade does not need to be closed 1 15. Methods to measure RSI except beta method 116.Not included in CASSINI stock screening method? Annual sales increase 117. 120. The original Intent of Charles DOD was to use the interplay of his Industrial and Railroad averages as economic indicators 121 . DOD theory the averages dis deal primary reversals and ca n create confusion 123. Volume goes with the trend primary trend and secondary trend 124. Not a tool of Federal Reserve monetary policy? Changing the federal funds rate 125. A rising pass water means increasing implied volatility 126. A hairish sign for the stock market is high levels pessimism of Wall Street strategists 131 .Three steps and a stumble is a market indicator based upon three consecutive increases in either the federal funds target rate, margin requirements or reverse requirements 134. Bar chart typically contain all prices except opening 135. Which price is common to both line and bar charts? Close Question Bank 2 13. The bole of the candlestick line displays the relationship between the current rower than the open. 15. Which Western technical tools can be used on candle charts trend lines, moving averages, and Fibonacci downsizings 16. A trend line is helpful in determining when a price reversal has taken place. 7. The basic concept behind the use of a trend lin e is that a trend in motion will remain in notion until it reverses. 18. Technical analysts GENERALLY believe a price close beyond the trend line is more significant than an intra-day sixth sense. 19. In general, market technicians believe that the more times a trend line has been successfully tester, the greater the significance violation. 20. In a head and shoulders pattern, volume usually decreases with each successive peak. 21 . The characteristics of a cycle are amplitude, period and phase 22. A moving average smooth out data fluctuations 23.Moving averages are MOST often used to signal a reversal in price trend 24. A simple moving average is often criticized because equal weight is given to each point included in the calculation. 25. An exponentially smoothed MA gives more weight to more recent observations 26. A sell signal is when a shorter MA crosses a longer MA from above 27. Oscillators are used to alert the analyst to volume divergences overbought or oversold price con ditions 28. All the following are momentum oscillators except relative strength index (RSI) advance/decline line 29.Most oscillators are constructed on a semi-logarithmic scale to highlight momentum so that the mid-point goes through zero 30. Oscillators are most helpful to come close price behavior in sharply rising markets non-trending markets where price fluctuate in a well defined trading range 31 . Oscillators are most valuable when their value reaches an extreme reading near the upper or lower end of their boundaries. 32. ** Using an oscillator, one most often observes an acceleration in price momentum prior to a major market bottom a peak in momentum in a bull market in the lead a peak in the price trend 33.A typical momentum index is constructed by plotting the difference in volume between the daily high price and the daily low price plotting the change in price between the beginning and end of time interval 34. In gauging the importance of a potential support or resistan ce level, the analyst must consider all the above 35. Violated support levels typically become support levels as prices fall lower become resistance levels on price bounces 36. As with trend lines, speed resistance lines must be confirmed with volume reverse roles once they are broken 37.The minimum downside projection from a head and shoulders top pattern is derived by measuring the distance from the penetration of the neckline by the left shoulder to the penetration of the neckline by the right shoulder and extending down from the point of penetration of the right shoulder by projecting downward(prenominal) from the neckline the vertical distance from the top of the head to the neckline 38. Answer identifying areas of accumulation and distribution. 39. Oscillator most used in analyzing rending markets? Stochastic MAC 40.A rising relative strength line for a stock in a falling market indicates that the stock is performing better than the market 41 . Most helpful in analyzing tradi ng range markets? Moving averages. Oscillators 42. If one is studying a cycle of 8 weeks the assumption is that the next longest cycle is 16 weeks. 43. The dead cat bounce usually occurs at market bottoms 44. Presidential cycle realizes best returns during election and pre-election 45. The idea that all price movement is the addition of all progressive cycles is the basis for the all of the above 47.Relative strength is usually calculated by dividing the price of a security by the price of another security, index or sub free radical. 48. Rising relative strength indicates the security is performing better than the market or the entity being compared. 49. RSI analysis is useful in identifying declining volume trends Industry group rotation 50. To spot weakness in an uptrend, volume should be falling 51 . **Which is not an assumption oft? The consensus is always wrong 52. When Bollixing Bands contract is means volatility has decreased 53. Point and figure charts are most useful in id entifying areas of support and resistance 54.Which would not considered a means of identifying a trend regression lines / moving averages relative strength lines 55. Does not describe standard deviation lines a buy is generated when prices crosses the -1 standard deviation line from above 56. Candlestick charts can be used to identify all of the above 57. Not considered a factor in determining the significance off trend line? Distance from price 58. MA simple 59. Which is the least significant penetration of a rising trend line? Two successive antiradar penetrations of trend line 60. Which are considered important in determining the validity of a trend line break?All the above 61 . None of the above. Using a weighted moving average 62. Not considered a support level? Previous high, previous low, and trading range all of the above are considered as potential support levels 63. What is meant by the statement volume precedes price? Changes in supply and demand are often apparent in vo lume before price 64. A complete Elliot wave is made up of five motive impulse waves and three corrective waves 65. A descending triangle that forms in a downtrend would probably be considered a reversal pattern a continuation pattern 66. Least reliable? Broadening formations 67.Not true about volume? Both price and volume can fall off sharply after a buying climax A rally that occurs on rising volume points to a probable trend reversal 68. Least true about a doc? A continuation pattern 69. Not true about gaps? Gaps are always almost filled 70. Most likely a continuation pattern? Flag 71 . Risk can be defined as amount loss per trade all of the above 72. The ratio would be positive 73. An extreme overbought reading on a momentum indicator in the early states of a will probably carry further 74. True of an up-trending market? B and C 75. Sentiment indicator most useful to traders?Put/call ratios 76. **Best suited for establishing price targets based on a horizontal measurement? Line charts point and figure charts 77. Contrary opinion is a useful investment because it is at turning points where people are wrong 78. Not one of the essential areas of TA? Market anatomical structure indicators business cycle analysis 79. Longest term trend in the market is the primary secular 80. In the DOD theory, most important price is the close 81 . Most popular types of market indexes include all of the following except logarithmic weighted 82. Most comprehensive (all-inclusive) index is Wilshire 5000Equity Index 83. Most important in identifying a head and shoulders top pattern? A shoulder must decrease substantially from previous rallies 84. The longest-term cycle is the Considerate cycle 85. The January effect refers small cap stocks outperform large cap stocks 86. Not a sentiment indicator? Relative strength 92. A simple moving average is slower to respond to price changes than a weighted moving average 93. One reason why price oscillators are useful is because price tend s to lead momentum momentum tends to lead price 94. A secondary cycle can be used to determine the major trend of the market false 95.The trend of each cycle is most strongly influenced by the trend of the next longest cycle true 96. Divergence and bereavement swings are most useful on an RSI indicator when they occur below the 80 70 and above the 30 lines. 98. Describes BOB a breadth momentum oscillator on age when prices close higher, it is assumed that all volume is represented by buyers 99. Not true about point and figure charting? Due to the complexity in creating these charts, it has only come into common usage with the advent of computers. 100. What s the relevance of the box size in point and figure charting?Box size is the amount the price must change before a new column is created box size determines the sensitivity of frequency of trading 101 . Open interest? The total number of outstanding long or short contracts 102. Difference between point and figure charts and b ar charts? Point and figure charts provide clearer trading signals 103. Comparison of candlestick charts to bar charts? Candlestick allow for easier visual interpretation 104. In candlestick charts, what is considered the essence of the price movement? Real body 105. What additional interpretation is possible with candlestick charts compared to bar charts?Support levels. Relative strength between bulls and bears Question 3 1 . Cycles are measure low to low 2. This cycle principle states, as stocks go through similar cycles the size and magnitude will differ variation 3. Most useful aspect of studying cycles of different lengths? Phase 4. In regards to cycles, translation useful in checking where the trend direction is headed or if it is changing 5. Elliot wave cycle is 8 waves 6. 5-wave Elliot wave, longest is expected to be the 3rd 7. When analyzing long-term price movements, it could be helpful to use which type of chart?Logarithmic chart 8. Least likely a continuation pattern i nverse head and shoulders broadening formation 9. Not considered a support level? All of the above are considered to be support levels 10. According to DOD Theory, secondary corrections can be replaced by a line 11. Least important factor in determining the significance of a trend line? Distance from price 12. For a breakout or breakdown from a triangle to be considered valid it should no more than three-quarters of the distance to the apex from the beginning of the pattern 13. Bollixing Bands narrow volatility has decreased 14.Not true about gaps? Gaps are always filled 15. Best characterizes continuation pattern? There is sideways price action 16. 17. In order for the DOD theory sell signal to be confirmed b and c 18. The DOD theory uses only closing prices 19. 20. Point and figure charts are least suited to identifying breakouts areas of accumulation or distribution 21 . In a doll candlestick supply and demand are in balance 22. Fibonacci rater? 23. MA crossovers sell signal wh en the fast falls below the slow 24. MA are of least use in generating buy or sell signals in a sideways trend 25. 0 points there would be no count 26. Usually associated with major market tops? Broadening formations 27. On balance volume is used to all the above 28. Common filters used to confirm a trend line break include all the above 29. The length of a minor trend is about 6 weeks 30. Rectangle, triangle, flag and so on, volume decreases as the pattern develops 31 . Gap least likely to be filled when it occurs with high volume? Breakaway 32. Trends are more likely to persist than reverse in all markets 33. One of the greatest strengths of TA is its flexibility 34.Trend lines should always generally be redrawn to accommodate an accelerating rend 35. Which of the following is not an important use for an oscillator? Provides a method of evaluating the performance of a security relative to another security or index 36. Percentage parameters not widely recognized percentage retrench ments? 45% 37. 39. 41. 42. 43. 45. Inter market analysis? Study of the interrelationships between the various independent financial markets 46. The secondary trend is measured in weeks or months and the intermediate trend is measured in weeks or months 47.A characteristic of a trend? Any trend is influenced by its next larger and smaller trend 48. The directional indicator can be defined as two lines tracking higher highs and lower lows to determine trend 49. Which is false? Breakouts from support and resistance is usually a change in trend the longer the trend, the less significant the breakout 50. A descending triangle has a falling resistance line and a horizontal support line 51 . How would you use relative strength analysis when comparing sectors? Divide the price of one sector by an industry benchmark and compare 52.To increases sensitivity in a point and figure, decrease the box size 53. Point and figure one box reversal chart 54. In what charting technique will trend lines be drawn at 45 degrees? Point and figure 55. Not found in P? Bullish engulfing pattern antiradar XIX P, which breakout is most significant? A breakout from a 15 column congestion zone 58. O price movement 59. Characteristic of a logarithmic scale? Preferred over arithmetic scaling for long- term trend analysis 60. P are named according to their box and reversal size 61 . O movement 62.Cycles are measured from through to through 63. 10 day cycles are best timed with 5 day oscillators 64. Not true? Normality is the principle that relates cycles of different lengths cause they are rarely identical principle of proportionality states that a cycle of similar duration exists everywhere in the market 65. Not common of reversal patterns? The larger the pattern, the greater the subsequent move tops usually take longer to form than bottoms 66. An inverse head and shoulders pattern is a reversal pattern 67. The MAX objective of reversal pattern is 100% retrenchment 68. False 69.Futures do not require an optic to short 70. True about double tops? They often occur at market bottoms height is often used as a measuring objective 71 . Not correct regarding reversal patterns? 2 and 4 2. Equally WA? Is the way the DOD Jones Industrial Average is calculated an investor invests that same dollar amount in each security 73. A reasonable price objective once a stock has completed a head and shoulders pattern is equivalent to the distance between the head and the neckline 74. A continuation pattern is all of the above 75. A symmetrical triangle is all of the above 76.The apex of a triangular pattern is all of the above 77. True 78. The breakout from a triangle formation all of the above 79. Descending triangle considered a bullish pattern B and C 80. Flag and pennants are not reversal patterns 81 . The measuring technique for most continuation patterns implies that a price objective from the breakout point is equal to the height of the pattern at its broadest point 82. The reversal pattern that can also appear as a continuation pattern is head and shoulders. 83. Best describes continuation patterns? They are represented by sideways price action 84.Stock traders rely heavily on 50 and 200 day moving averages and 30 to 40 weeks moving averages 85. The simple moving average gives equal weigh to each periods price 86. A channel breakout system works extremely well in a and c 87. The moving average is all of the above 8. The crossover method refers to a buy or sell signal generated when a shorter moving average crosses a longer moving average 89. The most used price to calculate the moving average is the close 90. In a 10-day simple moving average, each days price is assigned a weighting of 10% 91 .Which moving average assigns greater weight to the most recent data? Exponential or weighted 92. Longer term moving averages A and C 93. A moving average is a smoothing device 94. Shorter moving averages produce more trades 95. To help confirm a price trend, volume shoul d expand in the direction of the trend 6. Volume divergence occurs when a new high in an uptrend takes place on active light volume 98. Volume in a head and shoulders pattern is usually highest where? During the left shoulder 99. Triangle price patterns should be accompanied by a gradual drop-off in volume until the breakout 100.Technicians believe that volume matters most during breakouts volume precedes price 101 . A selling climax typically occurs at a market bottom 102. Open interest is the number of outstanding in a given day 103. A candlestick with equal opening and closing is a doll 104. The primary use of a candlestick tatter is to determine if you are in a bull market or bear market strengthen the possibility off reversal or continuation off price trend 105. All of the following are momentum oscillators except relative strength index advance/decline line 106.

Values

Another thing I value is happiness this is a personal value for me, I believe in be happy as much as you can and to keep a positive mind set, happiness is also a key factor in helping me get through the tough times that I face through-out my life. Motivation is something else I value and this is also a personal value. I evermore try my hardest to stay motivated and be positive, I value this is because it helps me to keep going and to give all I have in order to gather up the best results in whatever I do.Three core values that influence practice are respect, confidentiality, non- judgmental attitude and entertainion. Maintaining a non-judgmental attitude around the clients is really important. The belief of friendly care work does not include assigning guilt or innocence. When using a non-judgmental attitude you have to allow the listener to hear and understand exactly what is being said and enable the person to talk freely and comfortably about problems without feeling that he or she is being judged. The attitudes involved in being non-judgmental are acceptance, genuineness and empathy.Acceptance is all about representing the persons feelings experiences and values, even if they are different from yours it is important that you do not criticism them because of your feature attitudes or beliefs. Genuineness is about showing the person that you accept them and their values by what you say or do. Try to reach a position where your tree trunk language reflects what you say. Empathy is the ability to place yourself in another persons shoes and to demonstrate to the person that you truly hear and understand what they are saying and feeling.This is not the aforementioned(prenominal) as sympathy which is about feeling sorry for the person. Another value that influences practice is confidentiality you must strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of military service users and career. A duty of confidence arises when one person discloses in fo to another in circumstances where it is reasonable to expect that the information will be held in confidence. Confidentiality is a fundamental part of professional practice that protects human rights.It is not acceptable to discuss matters related to the people in their care outside the clinical setting, Discuss a case with colleagues in public where hey may be overheard or leave records unattended where they may be read by wildcat persons. Miller describes confidentiality as The idea of protecting information from misuse (200546) she then suggests information should only be passed on when necessary and the individual must be made aware that information can and will be passed on if necessary.Miller (2005) refers to the organization and not the employee as an individual. She also discusses the strict guidelines of confidential information. Confidential information gathered for one purpose should not be used for another. The consent of the individual should be given at all times o ther than in exceptional circumstances this must be made clear to the service user. Another value that influences practice is protection.As a social service worker, you must protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and careers. You must treat each person as an individual, you must respect their dignity, must not discriminate in any mode against those in your care, you must treat people kindly and you must act as an advocate for those in your care, helping them to access relevant health and social care information and support.

Reflection paper On Buddhism Essay

Buddhists past and present let looked to the incidents in Buddhas life twaddle for inspiration. Pick whatever three major episodes in the Buddhas life and discuss what lessons they im intermit to a typical Buddhist householder.1. His first time realizing leaving his house and seeing normal people in the outside world. I think that this incident in Buddhas life taught typical Buddhist householder that they cant ignore the outside world. He taught them that even though your life might be going prominent that as soon as you step outside your door at that place is still going to be pain and suffering and remnant either around. I think its a lesson to makes them realize that all the suffering and death a pain are normal things in life and that they need to get going used to it and even become okay with the thought of these things being are a normal part of life. Personally I think that this is a very good way to think because it opens peoples eyes and since they are able to see these things they can make changes to them. If you do not know that there is pain outside your door there is no way of stopping this pain and suffering from possibility but if you are completely aware of the pain and suffering you have the ability and chance to canvass the pain and suffering away with actions which in this religion give give you good karma and lead you ultimately to enlightenment.2. The five men who Siddhartha met up with on his quest and who laugh at him when he thought that there ways were too extreme. The Buddha left the five men because he did not want to starve himself to death and thought that it was too dangerous and that it did not produce enough results for what he was looking for. Buddha also agnize that a mix of this extreme life of giving everything up and a mix of the luxurious life that he had before would be the perfect match to reach enlightenment. This part of Buddhas life is my favorite. I feel like it teaches the householders that you need ba lance in your life and that moderation if a great mark to have in your life. It teaches the householders that they should not only live life for the pleasures in it like food, women, and riches. Also they should not live their life completely for the religious aspect and they should not renounce everything they own and give up all pleasures in life. I think that this is a great thing to teach people because if you have moderation in yourlife you can do more things and enjoy/master more things in life.3. The temptation from Mara and his hordes. The story of a god or deity that tempts the hero in the story is common in religions for examples Satan temps Jesus while he is in the desert for 40 geezerhood in the Christian religion. I think that this story is meant to teach the householders that there will always be temptations in life and that if you do not give in to these temptations you will prosper and good things will happen to you. In Buddhas case after he rejected the temptation s he reached enlightenment. Therefore the goal that typical Buddhist householders have is to resist all bad temptations and reach enlightenment.

Literature Final

Annabel Lee stands as i of the most famous remainder mensurable compositions of the nineteenth century, although its stature is certainly matched by Walt Whitmans When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomd, a poem which uses a number of similar poetic devices, exclusively rests upon an entirely different arrive at.Like Poes most famous poem The Raven, his other famous poem Annabel Lee is steeped in musical language and meter, with a view toward creating a lyric tension between the sweetness and musicality of the poems meter and shape and the more profound and perhaps less reckon potency of the poems themes which is human mortality. By combining technical precision with a theme of magnitude, Poe pursued his policy and prescription for poetic constitution as f every(prenominal) outlined in his essays The Poetic Principle and the Rational of Verse The Philosophy of Composition the notions of his minimal Philosophy of Composition and The Poetic Principle. Its resources seem devi ces.Every effect seems due to an expedient. The repetend and the refrain argon reliances with him not instrumental, and thematic. At least they constitute rather than create the effect which has therefore something otiose and perfunctory most it (Foerster 239).The opening lines It was many and many a year ago/ In a Kingdom by the sea signal the intention not only to create a musical pattern with haggle as by the deliberate redundancy of many and many but also to posit and idealized world over against that of grim reality. The repetition of many reveals that the ideal time of a Kingdom by the Sea has passed and this generates an immediate thematic tension.Similarly, Whitmans poem begins with an evocation of time past When lilacs last in the dooryard acmed,/And the great start early droppd in the western sky in the night. In twopoems, the hearkening back toward an idealized time first glimpsed at the poems beginning will recur throughout the body of the poem in two imagery and diction in Poes poem, as an obvious refrain, in Whitmans as a series of extended modulations of the original theme with the free-verse poem flowing through many permutations of the original lilac-nostalgia imagery.It is worth noting that the formality of Poes stanza forms with carefully placed frost andenjambment contrasts not only techni chaty, but thematically, with Whitmans sprawling free-verse form. The former carefully predicts the poems ending in the meter, the inevitable sway toward a definite conclusion, like fate. The latters form, loosed from metrical and rhyme constraints seems to grow rather than follow its inevitable virtually mathematically destined end.The technical consequences are obvious Poes poem will impress itself upon memory much more good than Whitmans and thus be received more organically whereas Whitmans (according to Poes doctrines) is apt to fascinate by virtue of individual images and lines.The thematic consequence is a different matter. Poes succi nct and mathematical form serves to enhance the poems grave themes of personal loss and morning, sparking within the poem an indelible timelessness, an timeless melancholy, which is precisely the theme of the poem. One arouse imagine the poems meter and rhyme scheme quite easily projected into a musical melody without words which would result in much the same means of bright misery.On the other hand, the free-verse form of Whitmans poem, were it projected as a musical number, dexterity be more aptly described as an improvisational melody with a pop arrangement. The impact of the form on the theme of mortality, is to set in motion, the imaginations perception that death contains within it motion, growing, an growing of living and rebirth. I mournd, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring. This line with its conspicuous use of the wordever-returning rather than everyindicates the poems death-rebirth cyclical theme.Poes poem, by contrast, closes in a monochromatic, monoto nic one might say paralytic submission to death. Though there is a hint of release in the poems narrator rejoining his departed lovers corpse, there is no indication of rebirth or of growth beyond this mutual oblivion. In the sepulchre there by the sea,/In her grave by the sounding sea. This close issimultaneously an urge toward and away from death but that ambiguity is trumped by the over-r distributivelying reality of the sea which, in terms of the poem, indicates oblivion.At the close of Whitmans poem, nature is viewed as merciful and in harony wiht the mourning of the observer a cleansing and cathartic picture is implied. For the sweetest, wisest soul of all my days and lands and/this for his dear sake,/Lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul,/There in the fragrant pines and cedars dusk and dim. rather than oblivion, nature offers brotherhood and renewal, as implied by the continuous symbol of the lilacs.Poes poem acknowledges and imparts the sense of life a nd death being in continuous friction The angels not so happy in Heaven,?Went envying her and me sequence Whitman vies death in life in continuous balance and integration Come lovely and soothe death,/Undulate around the world. Serenely arriving, arriving,/In the day, in the night, to all, to each,/sooner or later balmy death. cypher could illustrate the contrast between the two poems and poets more than Whitmans phrase delicate death. In Annabel Lee, the delicate ones are the people, the humans who must succumb to death for Whitman humanity is stronger than death and death is viewed as a part of the universal extension of human experience it is delicate, not oppressive.This essential difference in the poems is reflected in their form and expression. The morecontrolled and fatalistic intonations of Poe and the organic reflective and lyrically introspective tribute by Whitman. In each case, the poet confronts the death of a beloved and reaches through their deep identification wi th the departed to a total of the nature of death for Poe is it everlasting oblivion, an for Whitman it is cyclical renewal. For both poets, the subject of human mortality provided fertile primer to create lasting poems that resonate across time.SECTION 2 Using a story each by Edgar Allen Poe and Washington Irving, describe how the Romantic writer used the preternatural to engage the readers imagination and then explain why Romantics were drawn to the supernaturalThough many Gothic writers halt earned a deserved reputation for a preoccupation with the supernatural, it is frequently the case that this same fascination, unilateral toward the rational or guy of commonly held superstitions and idea about supernatural forces, has been overlooked. Two good examples of this magnetic dip are Washington Irving and Edgar Allen Poe, both of whom are well-revered as writers of ghost stories or scary stories which deal with the fantastic. However, both Poe and Irving posit a rational, ant i-superstitious motif in their well-known stories as a cases in range we may review The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Irving and The Sphinx by Edgar Allen Poe.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, rather than celebrating supernatural forces or positing them as actual forces at work in the real world, uses the idea or ambidextrous belief in supernatural forces to drive the storys plot and them Irvings denial of the fantastic begins with The survey Book, and, although his strategy changes, the goal remains the same in all four works.John Clendenning has noted the poke fun of the Gothic tradition in the three famous inserted stories of The Sketch Book Rip Van scud, The Spectre Bridegroom, and The Legend of SleepyHollow (Brodwin 53). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is based in the uncanny, a literary genre which allows the reader to decide that the laws of reality remain intact and permit an explanation of the phenomena described. In this case, we know that it is sincerely Brom Bones, not the G alloping Hessian, who has pursued Ichabod Crane(Brodwin 54).This is seemingly an anti-romanticist idea de-emphasizing imaginary or delusional aspects for those drawn out of pure rationality. Similarly, Poe in The Sphinxposits opposite minded characters, confronted with an uncanny experience, one which disavows the supernatural, the other, the narrator who claims A favorite yield with me was the popular belief in omens a belief which, at this epoch in my life, I was almost seriously disposed to defend. This is opposite the attitude of Ichabod Crane who expresses a disbelief in supernatural forces, but harbors a secret fear of them.Because there is already a legend about the Hessian, Ichabods disappearance can be explained by recourse to the supernatural, although the schoolmasters rivalry with Brom Bones over Katrina van Tassel is the obvious cause. Once again the possibility of the fantastic is raised for the sole purpose of being denied in this way, Irving emphasizes the role of r ationality in a disordered world. Such a strategy indicates that Irving was not just duperying the excesses of contemporary Gothic and romantic fiction, which can be commended he was also attempting to magnify the scope of fiction as both philosophically and morally instructive (Brodwin 54)Poes The Sphinx also posits the possibility of a grand supernaturalevent, only forthe purposes of debunking it through rational faculties. Poe was also a born humorist equally inspired by parody and self-mockery. In an anti-romantic vein so common among the popular humorists of his time, he enjoyed applying his acumen to deride the outpourings of emotions too often surging from mediocre fiction and poetry (Royot 57).If The Sphinx can be profitably viewed as Poes motion toward self-humor and also as a gesture toward the supremacy of rational thought over superstition it is no surprise. Other tales deal in this fashion with the same themes most notably the Dupin stories Murders in the Rue Morgue, T he Purloined Letter, and The mystery story of Marie Roget. But Poe also dealt with ratiocination in other celebrated stories such as The Gold seed and Maelzels Chessplayer.For Poe, it was possible for supernatural forces to exist, as well as for misapprehension of known forces for those of supernatural origin. However, as a plot device in fiction, Poe was notably against the sue of supernatural forces without organic causeObjecting to dumbfounding or improbable elements in the narrative, Poe claims that unraveling a plot by awkwardly appealing to the supernatural constitutes an displease to artistic standards.This censure of Birds idiosyncratic characters and extraordinary plot devices may seem like an early call for realism in fiction, but the review calls for more than minute attention to credible detail (Ljungquist 9)In fact The Sphinx hardly reconciles its dichotomy of the known and unknown,the real and imagined as a case in point we view his explanation for the apparition i n the story, of the so-called Sphinx, which turns out to be nothing more than a beetle However, the beetle in question posited as a scientific explanation for irrational experience is, in itself, a fancy of Poes Indeed, this synthetic bug is probably, through the story, the best known of all beetles, even if, like the sea coast of Bohemia, it never existed. Poe at times had almost an impish enjoyment in the inaccuracy of unessentials. (Quinn 131)The appeal of the supernatural to Gothic and Romantic writers was both genuine and also as a sub-genre within to create cautionary tales regarding the integrity of human rationality in the face of what appear to be illogical, or supernatural occurrences.ReferencesBrodwin, S. (Ed.). (1986). The Old and New World Romanticism of Washington Irving. New York Greenwood Press.Foerster, N. (Ed.). (1930). American sarcastic Essays, XIXth and XXth Centuries. London H. Milford, Oxford University Press.Ljungquist, K. P. (2002). 1 The Poet as Critic. I n The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Hayes, K. J. (Ed.) (pp. 7-19). Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press.Quinn, A. H. (1941). Edgar Allan Poe A Critical Biography. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts.Royot, D. (2002). 4 Poes Humor. In The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Hayes, K. J. (Ed.) (pp. 57-70). Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press.

Photography Merge Into Art Essay

Photography is traditionally regarded positioned at the lightweight fire of photographic practice and on the fringe of a true invention-form. Its close relationship to the economic imperatives of overturn makes the cunning photograph the transitory realise par excellence. However picture taking has emerged as a ubiquitous representational form, with us from sunrise to sunset, in the privacy of our homes and on public streets, in a initialize we can hold in our hands and one that towers over us on billboards the size of buildings. ahead of time criticisms of Photography as an artifice form described the new technique as one that at once reproduced reality. However, the disparity amid the photographic record and perceptual experience reveals the artistic, political, and representational potential of Photography. The photographic image maintains a privileged place in the pantheon of visual consumption. The argument is ever present that the entire register of picture taki ng has been the chronology of a medium at the secondary border of art.Nineteenth-century amateur photographic societies and photography journals were arenas for protracted debates between those committed to Photographys status. As a scientific recording tool and those heady to establish Photography as a fine-art form, the opportunity existed for accomplishment and establishment. Certainly gender and sexuality open been implicated in art Photography since the early twentieth century.But during the 1970s at that place was a marked shift of emphasis in the way that the female body was represented as a fetishistic object of desire in the work of photographers like Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, Chris von Wangenheim and Deborah Turbeville. The long struggle to establish photography as a legitimate art form still continues today. There is a clear and limpid tendency of the art establishment to exclude and to narrowly restrict the boundaries of admissible photographic art. The establishe d arts throw off all contributed to the formation of peripheral spheres of photo activity on the margins of art. Many questions from the audience turn to the impact of digital technology on the art of photography yet, the unstated. Understanding that they were, indeed, discussing photography as art spoke directly of the philosophy of Stieglitz, a philosophy that serve welld as the driving force of his lifes work. The collection brought the symposium into perspective, confirming the power and beauty of Stieglitzs photography, as it reinvestigated his reputation.The exquisite stigma quality and the comprehension of various versions of tumefy-known photographs expanded the viewers experience of the work. A beautiful photogravure print on tissue of The steerage (1915) is unparalleled in its beauty and the extensive collection of the Equivalens (1923-31) series brings to legal opinion the collected haystacks of Claude Monet. The collection spans Stieglitzs career, offering the viewer an unprecedented opportunity to contemplate his education as an artist while recognizing the Modernist elements of his work.Art Venues and Exhibition Halls, Suitable? Photography is entering into the commercial galleries and, most upstartly, the art business is a growing source of economic aid for the arts. The burgeoning crossover between the worlds of art and art is increasingly apparent contemporary work is instill with concerns about gender identity, Since the beginning of the contemporary age, there have been countless major photography exhibitions at New York Citys Guggenheim Museum alone, as well as other international events that interweave art and art.The work and philosophy of Alfred Stieglitz is experiencing a resurgence of interest. The recent retrospective of Stieglitzs gallery exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C. , Modern Art and the States Alfred Stieglitz and his New York Galleries, reinforces his pivotal position as the champion of American modern art. But this view of Stieglitz, much myth than man, has always loomed above his personal work and consequently the works relevance to the development of a modern aesthetic.The question is what does a century Told Modernist like Stieglitz have to say to a transmit postmodern America? Researchers demonstrated that in contemporary westerly contexts, allusions to other influences, i. e. Africa, through adornments and images such as those found in colonial-era postcards and photography still carry the weight of colonization and its aftermath. Hence some of the thoughtful work in Hine and Sekula. The African body has for centuries been an object of much fascination to Western observers, who framed it to discharge many misconceptions about the continents peoples and cultures.The colonialist image of the naked savage long poisoned the relationship between African and Western peoples the forced or coerced abandonment of indigenous attire in favor of Western dress wa s for much of the past two centuries a symbol of the civilizing process. Throughout Africa today, deliberate revivals of traditional forms serve as symbols of political and cultural movements, often coexisting with Western styles that have been modified to suit local anesthetic tastes. Alfred Stieglitz, his Own Vision.Turn-of-the-century reactions to photography as an art form were vehemently negative. Because the photograph so closely resembled reality, photography was considered by many people, especially establishment painters and critics, to be a reportorial medium exclusively. Even the early Photo-Secessionistthe crowd of photographers headed by Stieglitz Stieglitz, committed to having the artistic merit of his work recognizeddeliberately used soft-focus lenses, or darkroom tricks (including brushwood or penciling the negative) to make their photographs look like paintings.In 1890, Stieglitz brought America a message. Photography, he said, is capable of more(prenominal) tha n factual recording. It can become a personal expression of ones emotional reactions to life, a potential art. But it is not painting any more than painting is sculpture. He began a life-long competitiveness for the recognition, particularly within artistic circles, of photography as an independent medium.He organized the few workers benevolent to his ideal, first in the Society of Amateur Photographers and then in the Camera Club, whose magazine Camera Notes he founded and edited, making it the first periodical to respect fine photography. One enduring feature of photography is its appellation with art. In a recent analysis of photography, artists contrasted glamour with sophistication. This format found that in the art press photography was described as youthful, dynamic and pleasure-seeking, On the other hand sophistication is seen as mature, poised, restrained and introvert.It is no accident that they have coincided with the revival of figurative painting and the rise of conc eptual art, of what is called photography as a high art forms, of video, alternative film practices, performance art all of which have worked to challenge both the humanist notion of the artist as romantic individual genius (and and then of art as the expression of universal meaning by a transcendent human subject) and the modernist supremacy of two particular art forms, painting and sculpture. The Steerage (1907) The exhibition juxtaposes such iconic images as Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage (1907). The show surveys photographys thematic and artistic riches from the mid-1880s to the present, from one great era of adept and social change to another. Monumental innovations in the late 19 th century, such as dry-plate technology, hold cameras and halftone reproductions, greatly increased the mediums applications and made it increasingly integral to American life. each the while he has been photographing, using the camera as a means of personal expression. His prints are unbiased and direct they are lyrics that penetrate beneath the surface. The Terminal is more than a record of a vanished shooter it is the essence of Winter in New York. In The Steerage (below) a moment is transfixed which is vitally important to all those travelers to a new land.

David Copperfield (Sparknotes)

outline antecede In the pre font indite to accomp some(prenominal) the premier single-volume publication ofDavid Copperfield, devil tells us that the completion of the leg terminus is, for him, well-nigh(prenominal) a regret and a pleasure. He rejoices in the completion of the legend because the novel was a long time in coming, and he is satisfied that it is finished after cardinal years of weighty work. He mourns its completion, however, because it slits the end of his association with a cast of casings to whom he has become intensely attached. daemon remarks that David Copperfield is his favorite of tout ensemble his novels and that, of all the characters he has invented over the years, David Copperfield is de arst to him. compact- I am born An just ab erupttime(a) David Copperfield narrates the narration of his life. He begins by avering that only the writing that follows huge deal tell who the hero of his story is. He tells of his sincere stock, which occurred at the stroke of mid night on a Friday night. An gaga muliebrity in the area has t doddering him that the time of his birth indicates he bequeath be unlucky and entrust be able to ingest ghosts and spirits.Davids vex is already dead when David is born. Davids aunty, exclude Betsey Trotwood, appears on the day of Davids birth and utters with Davids fix, Clara. run away Betsey in stresss Clara that she intends to take custody of the girl Clara is astir(predicate) to bear. lose Betsey wishes to raise the girl so that men neer take advantage of her the way expend Betsey has been interpreted advantage of in her k flatledge life. When David is born and Mr. Chillip, the doctor, informs turn tail Betsey that Clara has had a son, omit Betsey storms out of the stomach and never returns. Summary Chapter II. I Observe.Davids earliest memories are of his nonpluss hair and his nurse, Clara Peggotty, who has truly dark eyes. He re parts the kitchen and the conceal mentyard, with the roosters that frightened him and the churchyard behind the hearthstone, where his father is buried. Both David and his pay back submit themselves to Peggottys kind direction. In particular, David recalls oneness causality when he sits up late reading a book some crocodiles to Peggotty duration waiting for his m new(prenominal) to return dental plate from an raseing out. Davids beautiful return returns with Mr. Murdstone, a enceinte man with shadowy whiskers and a deep voice. David and Peggotty both(prenominal) dis comparable Mr.Murdstone, and Peggotty warns Davids make non to adopt person her dead husband would non chip in liked. Mr. Murdstone returns later(prenominal) and takes David on a short trip to comely two business acquaintances, one of whom is troped Mr. Quinion. Mr. Murdstone and Mr. Quinion joke most Davids dislike of Mr. Murdstone and Mr. Murdstones intention to marry Davids m new(prenominal). When they admit home, Peggotty pro poses that she and David go to discover her buddy and his family in Yarmouth. Summary Chapter III. I shit a Change Peggotty takes David to Yarmouth, where her family croaks in a sauceboat they nominate converted into a home.Peggottys brother, Mr. Daniel Peggotty, adopted his nephew, Ham, and his niece, atomic Emly, who are non siblings, when their fathers drowned. Mrs. Gummidge, the widowed wife of Mr. Peggottys brother, lives with them too. Mr. Peggotty and Ham fish during the day, while David and base(a) Emly roam the beaches, collect shells, and fall in making love. In retrospect, David muses that he has at times wished that the sea had closed over midget Emly then so that she would not have suffered all that she has suffered since. When David returns home, he observes that he has hardly thought of his mother or his home since he pull up stakes.When he arrives, Peggotty tells him that his mother hook up with Mr. Murdstone while they were away. David is reunited with his mother. Mr. Murdstone hostelrys Davids mother to confine herself in her behavior toward her son. David gather ins Mr. Murdstone again, for the first time as his mothers husband. David think ofs that Mr. Murdsone, with his great black beard, verbalisms like an enormous and threatening dog. Analysis PrefaceChapter III devil uses foreshadowing and cultivates an atmosphere of mystery in order to pull his story dramatic and capture our engagement from the start.The surreal circumstances under which David is born, including the appearance of ignore Betsey, mark the first example of mystery in the novel. Although Miss Betsey is absent for a great deal of the story, she returns when David is in his hour of most dire need. The darkness and abruptness realized around Miss Betsey in the fountain chapter characterize her end-to-end the novel. Likewise, Davids comment that short Emly might have been better off in the long run if the sea had swallowed her up as a child for eshadows painful correctts that come later.By alluding to these future difficult circumstances early in the novel, devil keeps us wondering what will happen to the various characters as the novel unfolds. passim David Copperfield, ogre uses much(prenominal) foreshadowing not only to create suspense about future take downts exactly in any case to turn over an ominous tone. shitens portrays David as a downcast, naive child in order to fix the novels aspect and set up the dramatic irony of many of the storys episodes. We hang many signs of Davids youth his memory of Mr. Murdstone as doglike, his failure to understand that Mr. Quinion and Mr.Murdstone make jokes at his own expense, his memory of his mothers hair and form, and so on. We as well see Davids purity in his narrative voice, which focuses on other characters best aspects and never hints at infidelity or betrayal. Additionally, as a child, David actually much fears and dreads aspects of characters that an gre at(p) would not. We might expect the big(a) David to rewrite the story using his adult perspective to make sense of the things that baffled him as a child. But David does not recast his childhood through an adult perspective. As a result, we see the characters and the story as the fresh David did at the time.Davids naive voice preserves an element of surprise in the novel, as David repeatedly fails to notice move of the story that, if shown, would reveal upcoming events. By totaling his characters personal traits to their emotional traits, motherfuckerens upholds us categorize the many people we meet in the novel. Mr. Murdstone, for example, sports a large black beard and evil-looking face that make him appear like a beastand indeed, he turns out to be a less than engaging character. In this way, David Copperfield is generally straightforward in its depiction of good and evil characters.In most cases, characters are much or less what they appear, which makes it easy for us to remember both their outward appearances and internal traits. Also, because daimon tends to associate good with light and beauty and evil with dark and ugliness, the images in the novel come into nipping contrast. Thus, when Davids mother and Mr. Murdstone are together, the image is as physically and aesthetically repugnant as it is virtuously unappealing. Though at that place are exceptions to this general rule, the alliance of good with beauty and evil with ugliness persists somewhat regularly throughout David Copperfield. Chapters IVVISummary Chapter IV. I fall into Disgrace Having returned home, David finds his house much changed. The change agitates him so much that he cries himself to sleep in his new room. His mother comes up to relief him, except Mr. Murdstone finds them there and reprimands Davids mother for not being firm with her son. Mr. Murdstone dismisses Davids mother into other part of the house and warns David that he will receive a beating if he disobe ys or befuddleds his mother again. That night, dinner party is silent and formal, and David finds it very assorted from the old dinners he used to enjoy by the excitation with Peggotty and his mother. aft(prenominal) dinner, Miss Jane Murdstone, Mr. Murdstones cruel child, arrives to puzzle. She is dark and masculine, with eyebrows that nearly meet over the bridge of her nose. David observes that she is a metallic lady, with metal boxes and a metal purse. Miss Murdstone takes over the household organization, and when Davids mother protests that she disregard run her own house, Mr. Murdstone threatens her into submission. Whenever Davids mother voices her concern or anger about anything do in the house or to David, Mr. and Miss Murdstone tell her that her firmness is failing.They often refer to Davids mother, who is much jr. than they, as a naive, in devourd, and artless girl who needs their training. Davids mother accepts the Murdstones molding of her, apparently because she is horror-struck of them. Davids mother continues to conduct his lessons. However, because Mr. and Miss Murdstone snipe at David continuously throughout his recitations, his memory fails him during all lesson. His only comfort is his fathers small collection of adventure books, which David reads over and over in order to bring some friends and pleasure into his life. later on one particularly poor lesson, Mr.Murdstone beats David savagely, and David, in self-defense, bites Mr. Murdstones hand. As punishment, David is locked in his room alone for five days. At the end of the five days, Peggotty comes to his admission and whispers through the keyhole that he is to be sent away. Summary Chapter V. I am sent away from fundament David rides away with a carrier, Mr. Barkis, who travels between towns carrying people and packages in his cart. As David leaves, Peggotty bursts out of the bushes and arrests him a little capital, a note from his mother, and several cakes. David is nearl y hysterical at being sent away.He shares the cakes with Mr. Barkis, who, on finding out that Peggotty baked them, asks David to tell her that Barkis is willin. At the inn where David switches to the capital of the United Kingdom perambulator, dinner is waiting for him under the name Murdstone. The waiter tricks David into giving him all his dinner and some of his money as a tip. Because it is a large dinner, David gains a reputation at the inn for having eaten a tremendous amount. The coachman and the other passengers tease David so naughtily that he does not eat even when they stop later to do so. As a result, David arrives in London very hungry.In London, David waits for several hours until Mr. Mell, who says he is one of the masters at capital of Oregon House, arrives to scavenge him up. On the way to the shallow, they stop at a charity home and visit an old cleaning lady who calls Mr. Mell my Charley and cooks David breakfast. They proceed to the school, where all the bo ys are on holiday. David is forced to wear a sign that identifies him as one who biteshis punishment for having bitten Mr. Murdstone. Summary Chapter VI. I enlarge my Circle of Acquaintance Mr. Creakle, the headmaster, returns to the school and summons David. The bald, reddish Mr.Creakle, who never raises his voice above a whisper, warns David that he will beat him for any misbehavior. David is terrified of Mr. Creakle. The headmasters wife and daughter, however, are quiet and thin women, and David supposes that they sympathize with the boys Mr. Creakle terrorizes. Tommy Traddles, the first boy to return from holiday, befriends David, which helps David befriend the other boys as they return. James Steerforth, the most respected of the schoolboys because of his wealth, intelligence, and good looks, takes Davids money on the pretense of guardianship it for him.Steerforth convinces David to make it the money on a tremendous banquet, which he splits evenly among the boys in the dorm that night. David considers Steerforth to be his protector and friend notwithstanding not his equal. David is submissive to Steerforth and refers to him as sir. Analysis Chapters IVVI Although some of dickenss characters manage to improve their hearty clique, social hierarchies are extremely powerful in David Copperfield. For example, even though Peggotty loves David and his mother more than anyone else loves them, both mother and son always treat Peggotty as a servant. On the other and, David reveres James Steerforth, a scoundrel, more often than not because he is wealthy and powerful. Tommy Traddles, who is kind and gentle to David and shows him much more loyalty than Steerforth, never even comes close to attaining Steerforths exalted status. The other boys likewise naturally obey Steerforth, apparently not because he deserves their respect but because none of them can match the confidence and arrogance that stem from his class status. This social structure that the young students establish continues throughout the novel, as characters judge each other on their class status rather than their merits. daemon depicts English social hierarchies as inevitable but acknowledges that they are not ideal. David respects the strict class system, as do most of the secondary characters. David sincerely wishes to seem genteel, enjoys commanding servants about, and draws judgments entirely on the basis of class. Nevertheless, Dickens withal shows how the power relations of the class system can be invertedmost notably in the case of the servant at the inn who tricks David into giving up his meal. Likewise, Steerforth is rich yet cruel while Mr.Peggotty is poor yet good-hearted. These two characters demonstrate that Dickens does not believe that class always corresponds to object lesson status. On the whole, although Dickens recognizes imperfections in the English class system, he does not actively challenge it in his writing. Although Claras failure to protect Da vid is disturbing, the difficult situation of her marriage provokes our sympathy and understanding. Clara does allow her husband and his sister to inflict cruelty on David, which we whitethorn find reprehensible.But at the same time, as Mr. Murdstone breaks Claras spirit more and more, and Miss Murdstone convinces her that she is a worthless girl in desperate need of reform, we cannot help but pity Clara. David, for his part, never condemns his motherin fact, he displays unwavering faith in her. Ultimately, as Clara transforms from beautiful and carefree before her remarriage to beaten-down and frightened afterward, her inexperience and good intentions become clear, and she emerges as a eleemosynary character.The books to which David retreats when his life at his house becomes unbearable bring an element of fantasy to Dickenss novel and fuel Davids sense of amatory idealism. Though David Copperfield as a novel offers a pragmatic depiction of the harsh aspects of daily existence for women, children, and the underprivileged, David himself often romanticizes his world. He frequently gets wrapped up in a sense of adventure and high emotion. His translation of events that happen to him reveals that he sees his love strifes as tempestuous and his escapades as wild and adventurous.Davids vivid imagination is both an asset and a handicap, for it concurrently sustains him through hard times and subjects him to the treachery of those who would take advantage of a boys bank temper. Chapters VIIX Summary Chapter VII. My first half at Salem House School begins, and Mr. Creakle warns the boys that he will punish them severely if they fail in their lessons. He beats David with a cane on the first day. David notices that Traddles gets beaten more than the other boys because he is fat. To cheer himself up, Traddles lays his head on his desk and draws little skeletons on his slate.Steerforth and David become close when Steerforth, who suffers from insomnia, persuades David to stay up with him at night and tell him the stories David remembers from his fathers books. oneness day when Mr. Creakle is ill, Steerforth and Mr. Mell get into a fight, and Steerforth reveals that David has told him about visiting an old woman with Mr. Mell at the charity house. Steerforth issues out that the old woman is Mr. Mells mother. When Mr. Creakle comes to see what the commotion is, Steerforth tells him about Mr. Mells poverty. Mr. Creakle commends Steerforth and fires Mr.Mell, who, as he leaves, shows particular favor to David. Another day, Ham and Mr. Peggotty come to visit David at school. They meet Steerforth and are amused by him. Summary Chapter VIII. My Holidays. Especially one happy Afternoon. On the day that David arrives home for the holidays, Mr. and Miss Murdstone are away. David, his mother, and Peggotty have supper and pass an evening the way they used to do before his mother remarried. Davids mother has a new child, and David loves the child dear ly. The three laugh about Mr. Barkiss proposal to Peggotty, and Peggotty vows never to leave Davids mother.Peggotty and Davids mother quarrel briefly over Davids mothers marriage to Mr. Murdstone. Davids mother argues that Mr. Murdstone is just trying to improve her character. She feels that she should be grateful to him. David observes that Peggotty only provokes his mother so that she might feel better by providing these justifications. The next morning, David apologizes to Mr. Murdstone for biting his hand. Later, he picks up the baby. Miss Murdstone flies into a rage, telling David never to touch the child again. To Davids surprise, his mother sides with Miss Murdstone.Davids mother observes that her two children have the same eyes. Miss Murdstone shrieks that such a comparison between the wretched David and her knightly brothers child is utterly foolish. Mr. Murdstone forces David to remain in the company of the adults, even though they never speak to him. Mr. Murdstone says th at Davids habit of reading in his room is evidence of his sullenness. When Davids holiday is over, Mr. Barkis picks him up. As they bewilder away, David turns around and sees his mother standing in the road and holding up her child to him. Summary Chapter IX.I have a memorable Birthday In the middle of the next term, Davids mother dies. The school sends David home, and Mr. Omer, a funeral director and general services provider, picks him up at the coach. Mr. Omer takes David to his shop, where he meets Mr. Omers daughter, Minnie, and her sweetheart, Mr. Joram. Mr. Joram builds Davids mothers coffin behind the shop, and David sits through the day listening to the sounds of the hammer. Mr. Omer tells David that Davids little brother died a few days after his mother. The Omer family is quite jovial, but David sits in the shop with his head down.When David arrives home, Peggotty greets him and comforts him. Miss Murdstone only asks him if he has remembered his clothes. In retrospect, David admits that he cannot recall the order of all the events around this time, but he describes going to his mothers funeral with the few people who attend. Afterward, Peggotty comes to him and tells him about his mothers net moments. She says that his mother died with her head on Peggottys arm. Summary Chapter X. I become Neglected, and am provided for Mr. and Miss Murdstone take no interest in David after his mothers death.They make it clear that they want him around as little as possible. Miss Murdstone fires Peggotty, who goes home to her family. Peggotty proposes to take David with her for a visit. On the ride there, Mr. Barkis flirts with Peggotty, who asks David what he would think if she married Mr. Barkis after all. David says he thinks it is a wonderful idea. At Mr. Peggottys house, David finds Little Emly fourth-year and more beautiful than before, though she has become a bit spoiled and coy. Mr. Peggotty and Ham praise Steerforth, whom they have met at Salem House. Mr.Barkis and Peggotty get married in a private ceremony at a church one afternoon while Little Emly and David are out riding around. When David returns home, Mr. and Miss Murdstone completely ignore him. David falls into a state of neglect until Mr. Quinion, Mr. Murdstones business partner, appears. When Mr. Quinion arrives, the Murdstones arrange for David to go to London to work in the wine-bottling industry. Analysis Chapters VIIX Mothers and mother figures in David Copperfield represent a safe harbor from the cruelty of the world. They fill this role not only for children but for adults as well.Davids mother offers him emotional support and passing(a) reprieve from the Murdstones cruelty. Peggotty takes on the role of mother figure to both David and Davids mother, as she cares for both of them when they need her help. Many of Dickenss novels feature orphans who, lacking this classic refuge from a cruel world, come across as especially pitiful characters. In Davids case, Pegg otty (and later, Miss Betsey) save him from this fate. But until these mother figures are able to help him, he suffers a great deal in losing his natural mother and living with the disadvantages that motherlessness creates.Although the large cast of secondary characters in David Copperfield may seem overwhelming, these characters serve two measurable narrative functions they mark the different phases of the novel and give tower commentary about the actions of the main characters. Throughout the novel, secondary characters voice general opinions about the events involving the main characters. Because Dickens goes into such great detail in describing the lives of the main characters, the thoughts and actions of the secondary characters provide welcome breaks from the novels main plots.The secondary characters alike alert us to transitions between the novels different sections, for they often appear at overcritical moments when the emotional intensity of the main plot is at its hei ght. Mr. Omer, for example, appears in order to inform David of his mother and sisters death. Moreover, the Omers happy family life serves as a contrast to Davids sorrow at his mothers death. In this way, secondary characters not only comment on the novels main characters but also provide transitions between the novels different phases.In his vanity, egotism, and pride, James Steerforth acts as a foil for Davids naive innocence and wide-eyed trustfulness. David worships Steerforth, but this adoration is undeserved. We see that Steerforths support of David originates not from kindness but rather from a require to increase his own importance and control over the other boys. Steerforths willingness to manipulate David both contrasts with and highlights Davids willingness to trust Steerforth. The only clue we have that David might suspect that Steerforth is not what he seems is Davids occasional remark that Steerforth did not bother to save him from Mr.Creakles punishments. It is clear to us, however, that Steerforth is bigoted and self-centered, especially in his interactions with Mr. Mell. This unlikeness between Davids perception of his world and our perception of it provides dramatic irony that persists throughout much of the novel. Chapters XIXIV Summary Chapter XI. I begin Life on my own Account, and dont like it I wonder what they thought of me (See Important Quotations Explained) Davids companions at Mr. Murdstones business dismay David. They are coarse, uneducated boys whose fathers work in blue-collar professions. David meets Mr.Micawber, a poor but genteel man who speaks in tremendous phrases and makes a great show of nobility disdain his shabby appearance. Through an agreement with Mr. Murdstone, David goes to live with Mr. Micawber, his wife, and four children. The Micawbers befriend David and openly tell him of their pecuniary troubles, each time becoming overwhelmingly upset and then recovering lavishy over good food and wine. David gets very little pay at his factory crinkle and lives primarily on bread. In retrospect, David wonders what the waiters and shopkeepers must have thought of him, so self-sustaining at so young an age.At the factory, David is known as the little gent and gets along very well because he never complains. pull downtually, Mr. Micawbers debts overwhelm him. He is thrown into debtors prison, where he becomes a political figure among the inmates, lobbying to eliminate that establishment. Summary Chapter XII. Liking Life on my own Account no better, I form a great Resolution. Mr. Micawber is released from jail and his debts are resolved. The family decides to move to look for work. David decides he will not stay in London without the Micawbers and resolves to run away to his aunt Betsey.He borrows some money from Peggotty and hires a young man to help him move his box to the coach station. Along the way, the young man steals Davids money and possessions. Summary Chapter XIII. The Sequel of my R esolution David sells some of the clothes he is wearing in order to sully food. The shopkeepers who buy the clothes take advantage of him, and travelers abuse him on the road. David arrives at the home of his aunt, Miss Betsey Trotwood, who ab initio tries to send him away. When he tells her that he is her nephew, she consults with Mr. Dick, the man who lives upstairs in her home.Mr. Dick suggests that before she do anything, she give David a bath. Miss Betsey repeatedly compares David to the sister he never had and concludes that his sister would not have done the stupid things David has done. Miss Betsey is a tough, sharp woman obsessed with keeping donkeys off the grass in front of her house. She bathes and feeds David and speaks to Mr. Dick at length about Davids mother, whom she pitied very much. David is nervous about whether his aunt will keep him or will send him away. Summary Chapter XIV. My Aunt makes up her Mind about meThe next morning, Miss Betsey reveals to David th at she has written Mr. Murdstone to tell him where David is. She has invited Mr. Murdstone there to wrangle Davids fate. Miss Betsey sends David up to get wind on Mr. Dicks progress on his Memorial, an autobiography he is trying to write. But Mr. Dick continually starts his project over from scratch because, each time, he begins to muse in the text about King Charles I, whose demons he believes possess him. Mr. Dick has an enormous kite that he promises to fly with David someday. David returns to Miss Betsey and tells her that Mr. Dick sends his compliments to her.Miss Betsey reveals that she took in Mr. Dick when his brother tried to have him placed in an asylum. Mr. and Miss Murdstone arrive on donkeys, and Miss Betsey rushes out to chase the donkeys off her lawn. The Murdstones are rude to David during their visit, and Miss Betsey scolds them and forces them to leave. Mr. Murdstone warns her that if David does not come with him immediately, he will never be able to come back ag ain. Miss Betsey asks David what he wants to do, and he says he wants to stay with her. It is resolved that he will do so, and Miss Betsey renames him Trotwood Copperfield.Analysis Chapters XIXIV Dickens uses the Micawbers, who turn up periodically throughout the novel, to comment on the debtors prisons common in England in the 1800 s. Debtors were placed in these prisons until they were able to resolve their financial difficulties, which often took years. In the meantime, families were torn aside and suffered hardships as the imprisoned heads of households were unable to earn money to support them. Dickens himself, as a member of a family with enormous financial problems, suffered as a direct result of debtors prisons during his youth. Much like Mr.Micawber, Dickenss father, for all his financial woes, could not control his expending when it came to dining and drinking. The passages involving Mr. and Mrs. Micawber are based in large part on Dickenss own experience, as are the des criptions of Davids job at the wine-bottling factory. Davids sympathetic portrayal of Mr. Micawber suggests Dickenss concern for the underclass and his frustration at the harsh conditions of the debtors prisons. The episodic, plot-heavy nature of David Copperfield stems from the fact that it was originally published as a successive, in pieces over time.Dickens inserted several mini-climaxes and resolutions and measuredly built suspense toward the end of each section in order to obligate his readers to buy and read the next installment. The unnatural segmentation of Davids life into separate parts and the savage foreshadowing add to the novels suspense. For example, Dickenss description of Davids life with his mother and Mr. Murdstone constitutes one self-contained section, which comprised the entire first part of the novel as it was published in serial form.The change of scene that opens the second section mirrors an internal change in David as he grows older. Because David Copp erfield was written as a serial novel, it focuses in large part on plot and rarely stops to describe characters or settings in detail. The characters develop chiefly through their actions, and it is only over time that we get to know themDickens never includes any kind of thorough character analysis or description when he introduces a character. The novels serial nature also partly explains why the characters physical attributes match their internal characteristics.This correlation made character identification easier for readers who may have waited weeks since reading the previous(prenominal) installment of the novel. Ultimately, although many critics claim that Dickenss characters are too simple and flat, this simplicity is largely the practical result of Dickenss propensity to gain new readers and keep current readers interested. When David arrives at Miss Betseys, the tone of the novel changes to reflect Davids increased tolerance for the harshness of his world. We see that D avids voice has lost some of its naivete and that he seems more prepared to deal with tragedy than in previous chapters.Miss Betsey plays a significant part in bringing about this change in the novels tone, for she both provides David with physical comfort and is herself a quirky, humorous character, which contrasts the tragic drama of the first chapters. The fact that Miss Betsey turns out not to be the imposing character that she seems to be in the opening scenes of the novel brings some relief to the dark tone of the first part of the story. Miss Betseys coercion with keeping donkeys off her lawn, for example, is an amusing touch that lightens the mood of the novel.Her concern about her lawn is inconsequential relative to Davids troubles, yet she takes it as seriously as David takes his struggle to survive. Miss Betsey also introduces Mr. Dick, whose optimistic, simple faith in David and Miss Betsey contrasts with the Murdstones dark pessimism. Unlike most of the other men in Da vid Copperfield to this point, Mr. Dick is kind, gentle, and generous toward Davida far cry from the unforgiving Mr. Murdstone and the brutal Mr. Creakle. As we see, then, not only Miss Betsey but also the characters related to her momentarily change the tone of the novel from tragedy to comedy. Chapters XVeighteenSummary Chapter XV. I make another Beginning Miss Betsey proposes that David, whom she has nicknamed Trot, be sent to school at Canterbury. They go to Canterbury and visit Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer and a friend of Miss Betseys. At Mr. Wickfields, they meet Uriah Heep, an unattractive young redhead dressed entirely in black and skeleton-like in appearance. Uriah takes them to Mr. Wickfield, who recommends a school for David but warns that the dorms are full and that David will have to stay elsewhere. The adults agree that David can go to the school and stay with Mr. Wickfield until they find a more eccentricable arrangement.David meets Agnes, Mr. Wickfields lovely and charm ing daughter, who dotes on her father and is his one joy since his wife died. The three dine and have tea together. David rises in the middle of the night and encounters Uriah Heep, whose sliminess so strikes David that he feels the need to rub off Uriahs touch after shaking his hand. Summary Chapter XVI. I am a New Boy in more senses than one At school the next day, David meets the headmaster, pertain Strong, and his young wife, Annie. Mr. Wickfield and determine Strong discuss arrangements Mr. Wickfield is trying to make for Annies cousin, yap Maldon. Mr.Wickfield wants to know whether there is any particular reason that Doctor Strong wants jack up Maldons new job to be one that sends him out of the country. Doctor Strong assures him there is not. David is behind in his studies but quickly catches up. He makes friends with the boys at the school. At home, David speaks with Agnes, whom he finds more and more charming in her devotion to her father. One evening, at dinner, Jack Maldon interrupts the family to say that he hopes he can go abroad as soon as possible. Mr. Wickfield treats him politely but distantly and assures him that there will be no delay in get him sent abroad.After dinner, Mr. Wickfield drinks heavily, and Agnes and David chat with him and play dominos. Mr. Wickfield offers to let David stay permanently at the house, and David gladly accepts. On his way to bed, David runs into Uriah Heep. Uriah asks him whether he is impressed with Agnes. David notes that whenever he says something that pleases Uriah, Uriah writhes like a snake. David quickly rises to the top of his class and settles in happily. One evening, he, Mr. Wickfield, and Agnes visit Doctor Strongs home for a farewell party for Jack Maldon.Annies mother is there, and she encourages Doctor Strong to continue to bestow favors on her family members, who are poor and lower-class. Doctor Strong acquiesces to all her demands. When Jack Maldon leaves to depart for India, Annie becomes very emotional. As the coach pulls away, David sees one of her ribbons in Jack Maldons hand. Summary Chapter XVII. Somebody turns up Peggotty writes to David and tells him that the furniture at his old house has been sold, the Murdstones have moved, and the house is for sale. David tells Miss Betsey of all the news in Peggottys letters when she visits him at school, as she does frequently.Mr. Dick visits even more frequently and becomes a favorite of Doctor Strong and the other school boys. Mr. Dick tells David that Miss Betsey recently had a strange nighttime encounter with a man who frightened her so hard that she fainted. Neither Mr. Dick nor David understands the encounter. Mr. Dick reports that the man appeared again the previous night, and that Miss Betsey gave him money. David goes to tea at Uriah Heeps house, where Uriah and his mother intimidate David into telling them secrets about Agnes, especially about her fathers health and financial situation.David is very uncomfort able with the Heeps and feels that they are manipulating him. Uriah and his mother both frequently repeat that they are so grim as to be grateful for any attention from David. In the middle of tea, Mr. Micawber walks by the door. On see David, he enters. The two of them leave together and visit Mrs. Micawber, who is very glad to see David. The Micawbers are in terrible financial straits again, but they are quite merry over dinner nonetheless. Summary Chapter XVIII. A RetrospectIn retrospect, the adult David recounts several years in Doctor Strongs school and his two love interests during his time therea young girl named Miss guard and an older woman named Miss Larkins. David also recalls a fistfight he had with a young coercive butcher. Eventually, to his surprise, David rose to be the top boy at the school. When he was seventeen, he graduated. Analysis Chapters XVXVIII The retrospective Chapter XVIII marks the end of Davids boyhood and his entrance into the world as a man. Th roughout his childhood, Davids character traits remain fairly constant.Although his life changes radically and frequently, often in cruel ways, David dust for the most part the naive, hopeful boy he is in the first chapters of the novel, when his mother is alive. As David later observes when speaking of Uriah Heep, a miserable childhood can easily turn a boy into a monster. Davids resilience, in contrast, is striking. Nonetheless, for all his pride in his growth, David remains gullible. This innocence lends a freshness to the narratives perspectivea freshness that has prompted many critics to label David Copperfield the finest portrayal of childhood ever written.As David grows older, he does remain somewhat simple-hearted and maintains a startling faith in humanity, but his narrative perspective does mature alongside him. David gradually leaves his childhood romanticism behind and looks at the world in more realistic terms, and the novels narrative tone reflects this change. Mr. Di ck, who is both a man and a boy, contrasts with the other adult male characters in the novel, who tend to be harsh and gruff. In a story cogitate on the process of maturation, Mr. Dick is a model of a mature adult who is not pall by the cruelties of the world.Like Miss Mowcher, who appears later in the novel, Mr. Dick might be described as a young mind in an adult body. Like a boy, he is unable to control his impulses or order his thoughts. Furthermore, as an innocent character, Mr. Dick demonstrates the power of love over cruelty at bottom the moral framework of the novel. Mr. Dicks love for David and Miss Betsey gives his character moral credibility throughout the novel. In the closing chapters of David Copperfield, Mr. Dick becomes heroic in his own right, demonstrating the supremacy of simplicity and gentleness over cunning and violence.In this way, he shows that craftiness does not signify maturity or adulthoodan important lesson for David as he becomes a man. At one point o r another, each of the admirable adult characters in the story becomes slightly crazy, allowing Dickens to explore the relationship between intelligence and insanity. Miss Betseys obsession with donkeys makes her eccentric to the point of madness. Most of the characters consider Doctor Strongs faith in Annie to be lunatic. Later, Mr. Peggottys faith in Little Emly leads some to consider him a raving madman travelling the countryside in search of his niece.Although the outside world would dismiss many of Dickenss characters as insane, within David Copperfield, characters who are crazy are often of high moral quality. This contrast emphasizes Dickenss rejection of the logic of the external world, which he sees as flawed. In the same way that Dickens rejects class as a marker of a good heart, he likewise rejects sanity as a marker of maturity. Instead, he focuses on the purity of his characters intentions and their willingness to follow their convictions. Chapters XIXXXII Summary Chap ter XIX.I look about me, and make a Discovery David sets off on a monthlong journey to Yarmouth, to the home of Peggotty and her family, to decide what profession to pursue. He takes his leave of Agnes and Mr. Wickfield, and Doctor Strong throws a going-away party in Davids honor. At the party, Annies mother reveals that Jack Maldon has sent Doctor Strong a letter in which he claims that he is ill and likely to return soon on sick leave. But Annie has current another letter from Jack Maldon indicating that he wants to return because he misses her. The next morning, David leaves on the London coach and tries to appear as manly as possible.Nonetheless, the coachman asks him to resign his seat of honor to an older man. David spends the evening at an inn, where the waiter pokes fun at his youthfulness and the chambermaid gives him a pitiful room. David attends a play, returns to the inn, and discovers Steerforth in a sitting room. Steerforth is now attending Oxford but is bored by his studies and is on his way home to see his mother. David and Steerforth are happily reunited, and the inn staff immediately treat David with respect. Summary Chapter XX. Steerforths Home. Steerforth persuades David to stay a few days with him at his mothers house before going to Yarmouth.Steerforth nicknames David Daisy, and the two of them spend the day sightseeing before going to Steerforths home. There, David meets Mrs. Steerforth, Steerforths widowed mother, and Rosa Dartle, Steerforths divest distant cousin whom Mrs. Steerforth took in when Miss Dartles mother died. Mrs. Steerforth is an imposing, older, more feminine version of Steerforth, and she dotes on her son ceaselessly. Miss Dartle has a scar above her lip from a time when Steerforth, as a child, threw a hammer at her in anger. Miss Dartle views Steerforths and Davids rebukeing to and actions with sarcasm, but both young men are drawn to her.Summary Chapter XXI. Little Emly. If anyone had told me, then, that all thi s was a graphic game, played for the excitement of the moment . . . in the thoughtless love of superiority . . . I wonder in what manner of receiving it my indignation would have found a vent (See Important Quotations Explained) At Steerforths, David meets Littimer, Steerforths servant, who frightens David because he is so haughty and respectable. David persuades Steerforth to accompany him to Yarmouth to see Ham and Mr. Peggotty again and to meet Peggotty and Little Emly. On his way to Peggottys, David stops at Mr.Omers shop and sees Mr. Omer and his daughter, who is now married to her sweetheart. Mr. Omer tells David that Little Emly now works in his shop. She is a good and diligent worker, but some of the girls in town say she has earned a reputation for putting on airs and wanting to be a lady. David decides not to see Little Emly until later, so he continues on to Barkiss house to find Peggotty. Peggotty does not recognize David at first, but when she does, she sobs over him f or a long time. Mr. Barkis, ill but glad to see David, opens his cherished money box and gives Peggotty some money to prepare dinner for David.Steerforth arrives and entertains Peggotty and David. In retrospect, the adult David muses that if anyone had told him that night that Steerforths joviality and manners were all part of a game to him, born from his sense of superiority, David would have dismissed such an idea as a lie. When Steerforth and David arrive at Mr. Peggottys house, they find everyone, including Mrs. Gummidge, in a state of high excitement because Little Emly has just announced that she intends to marry Ham. After they leave, David delights in the good news, but Steerforth becomes momentarily and inexplicably sullen.Summary Chapter XXII. Some old Scenes, and Some new wad While in Yarmouth, David visits his old home and feels both pleasure and sorrow at seeing the old places. When he returns late from one such visit, he finds Steerforth alone and in a disobedient m ood, unwarranted that he has not had a father all these years and that he is unable to guide himself better. Steerforth tells David that he would rather even be the wretched Ham than be himself, richer and wiser. After they leave, Steerforth reveals to David that he has bought a boat to be manned by Mr. Peggotty in his absence, and he has named it The Little Emly. At the inn, David and Steerforth meet Miss Mowcher, a loud and brash dwarf who cuts Steerforths hair as they gossip and talk of Mr. Peggotty, Ham, and Little Emly. When David arrives at Peggottys, where he is to stay for the night, he discovers Little Emly and Ham with Martha, a woman who used to work at Mr. Omers with Little Emly but fell into disgrace and came back to beg help from Little Emly. After Martha leaves, Little Emly becomes very upset and cries that she is not nearly as good a girl as she ought to be. Analysis Chapters XIXXXIIThe simple life at Yarmouth contrasts starkly with the sophisticated life at Steerf orths home. At Steerforths, characters use their words and actions strategically to produce a desired effect. Littimer, for example, speaks in such a convoluted manner as to be completely opaque, while every one of Mrs. Steerforths actions is motivated by her sense of propriety and self-possession. At Yarmouth, on the other hand, characters say exactly what they mean and act out of a desire for harmony with each other. The contrast highlights the class distinction between the two families.The description of the families contributes to Dickenss overall message that wealth and power do not correlate with good character, and that poverty does not necessarily indicate bad character. At home, Steerforth reveals that, at heart, he is slick, egotistical, and vain, even though David still continues to cut across these tendencies in him. Mrs. Steerforths constant doting on her son reinforces these tendencies in Steerforth and make his self-centered nature understandable, if not justified. T hough David is unaware of Steerforths snobbery, Steerforth belittles David from the moment they meet.Steerforth further demeans David by giving him the nickname Daisy, but David still is too caught up in his worship of Steerforth to see anything but his good qualities. Although Steerforth does demonstrate some thoughtfulness at Yarmouth, as when he tells David that he wishes he could be more focused, his self-reflective mood passes as quickly as it appears. David ignores Steerforths insults, as well as the fact that Mrs. Steerforth likes David only because he adores her son. Even when Steerforth begins to confide in David about his own insecurities, David views him as a superior being in whom all faults are positive attributes.Davids idolization of Steerforth makes him incapable of seeing the true nature of his false friend, even when Steerforths bad side is most exposed. David attains greater consciousness of romantic love as his character develops. At this stage, Davids feelings o f love are still impetuous and adolescent. His frivolous infatuations mirror many of the romantic relationships he sees in his life around him, like that between Annie Strong and Jack Maldon. Although Davids experience of love is not yet as deep as it is later in the novel, he is increasingly aware of others romantic relationships.He observes the affair between Jack Maldon and Annie Strong, as well as the blossom out of the love affair between Mr. Orems daughter and her sweetheart. As David awakens to romantic love, his narrative focuses more and more on the emotional relationships between characters. Chapters twenty-threeXXVI Summary Chapter XXIII. I corroborate Mr. Dick, and pack a Profession David determines not to tell Steerforth about Little Emlys outburst the night before because he loves Little Emly and believes that she did not mean to reveal to him so much about herself.David also tells Steerforth, as they are on their way home by coach, about a letter he has received fr om Miss Betsey suggesting that he become a proctor (a kind of attorney). Steerforth thinks that the profession of proctor would suit David well, and David agrees. When David arrives in London, he meets up with Miss Betsey, who has traveled to London to see him. She is very concerned that Mr. Dick, whom she has left behind at home, will not be able to keep the donkeys off her yard. Miss Betsey and David lastly resolve that David will become a proctor, despite his protestations that it is expensive to do so.On their way to establish David at the Doctors Commons (the place where the proctors hold court and offices), a man who looks like a beggar approaches them, and Miss Betsey jumps into a cab with him. When she returns, David notices that she has given the man most of her money. David is very disturbed, but Miss Betsey makes him anathemise never to mention the event again. They go to the offices of Spenlow and Jorkins, where Mr. Spenlow agrees to engage David as a clerk. Afterward, they find lodgings for David with Mrs. Crupp, an old landlady who promises to take care of David as though he were her own son. Summary Chapter XXIV.My first Dissipation Although David is stir with his new accommodations, he gets lonely at night, and Steerforth is away at Oxford with his friends. David goes to Steerforths home and visits Mrs. Steerforth and Miss Dartle, who talk glowingly about Steerforth all day. Finally, Steerforth returns. He and David plan to have a dinner party in Davids rooms with two of Steerforths friends. David goes overboard in preparing for the party and then drinks himself into illness. While very drunk, he goes with Steerforth and company to the theater, where he runs into Agnes, who makes him go home. The next day he is hungover and humiliated.Summary Chapter XXV. Good and bad Angels Agnes sends for David, and he goes to visit her where she is staying in London. She warns him that Steerforth is his bad Angel, that he should avoid Steerforth and be cautious of Steerforths influence. David disagrees, but the idea rankles him and disturbs his image of Steerforth. Agnes also delivers the bad news that Uriah Heep has insinuated himself into a partnership with her father, Mr. Wickfield. Both she and David are very distressed over this occurrence. At a dinner party at the home where Agnes is staying, David runs into Tommy Traddles, his friend from Salem House, and Uriah Heep.Uriah attaches himself to David and accompanies him home. In an unpleasant conversation, Uriah reveals to David his intention to marry Agnes. Uriah insists on sleeping the night on the floor in front of Davids fire. David gets no sleep with Uriahs evil presence in his apartment. Summary Chapter XXVI. I fall into Captivity Mr. Spenlow, Davids supervisor at the Doctors Commons, invites David to his home for the weekend. There, David meets Dora, Mr. Spenlows daughter, and falls in love with her. David also runs into Miss Murdstone, whom Mr. Spenlow has retained as a companion for his daughter ever since her mother died.Miss Murdstone pulls David aside and suggests they forget their difficult past relationship with each other. David agrees. One morning, he meets Dora out in the garden, where she is walking with her little dog. They have a conversation that cements Davids romantic obsession with her. When David returns home, Mrs. Crupp immediately suspects that he has fallen in love. She tells him to cheer up and go out and think of other things. Analysis Chapters XXIIIXXVI Of all the characters in the novel, Agnes and Steerforth have the greatest influence over David, but their influences pull in opposite directions.While Agnes represents Davids good Angel, his conscience and his dependability, Steerforth urges David to take risks, drink too much, and be critical of the people around him. Agnes represents calm, considered reflection. Her energy is always directed, peaceful, and quiet. Steerforth, by contrast, is noisy, brash, and idle. While Agnes stays at home because her father needs her assistance, Steerforth gallivants all over the countryside pleasing himself. Whereas Agnes encourages David to take the correct path for the sake of morality, Steerforth insists on outlay money and commanding servants around at his will.In this manner, Agnes and Steerforth pull David in different directions throughout the novel, forcing him to choose between good and bad. David experiences his first moral dilemma when Agness influence comes into direct conflict with Steerforths. After seeing David drunk at the theater, Agnes suggests that he should shun Steerforths company because it makes him do foolish things. This jot throws David into a conundrum about which person he should trust. He is not yet mature seemly to reject Steerforths seductive charisma in favor of Agness quiet, contemplative love.Although Agnes wins his heart in the end, it takes her a long time, and it is difficult for David to free himself from Steerforths hold . Only when David gains control of his own emotions does he full appreciate Agnes and choose her over Steerforth. As we see, Agnes and Steerforth not only exert opposite effects on David but also require him to assert his identity by choosing between them. Although David has grown since the start of the novel, he continues to be immature, naive, and unable to control his emotions as he takes his first steps into the adult world.Davids inclination of an orbit to become obsessed with young women, along with his drunkenness at Steerforths dinner party, demonstrate that he does not yet have power over his emotional side. Perhaps the most telling mark of Davids fickle nature is his love affair with Dora, which starts the moment he sees her, quickly develops into an obsession, and remains with him, even though he knows that she is too foolish and frivolous ever to make an appropriate wife. The love affair has many moments of tension, for every time David tries to persuade Dora to be reas onable, she accuses him of being cruel or naughty and makes him leave her alone.Despite these barriers and warning signs, David loves Dora desperately. His willingness to throw himself into such an unrealistic love affair reveals that his emotions are still naive. Chapters xxviiXXX Summary Chapter XXVII. Tommy Traddles David decides to visit Tommy Traddles, who, he discovers when he arrives, lives in the same building as the Micawbers. Traddles is analyze for the bar. His apartment and furniture are extremely shabby, and he is struggling to earn enough money to marry his true love, who has sworn to wait for him to save the money.In the meantime, Traddles has collected two pieces of furniture, a flowerpot, and a small table. Mr. Micawber, meanwhile, is in dire financial trouble again, although he still hopes to find work soon. Mrs. Micawber is pregnant again. Summary Chapter XXVIII. Mr. Micawbers Gauntlet Ride over all obstacles, and win the race (See Important Quotations Explai ned) Mr. and Mrs. Micawber and Traddles come to dinner at Davids apartment. Mrs. Crupp agrees, after a good deal of argument, to cook dinner for them. The dinner is awful undercooked, but Mrs.Micawber directs them all in re-cooking the meat. They enjoy themselves as they cook and eat. Steerforths servant, Littimer, arrives and asks David whether he has seen Steerforth. David replies that he has not. Littimer will not tell David why he thought Steerforth might be at his house, nor will he tell him where Steerforth has been. However, Littimer insists on serving the remainder of the meal, which makes everyone uncomfortable. After Littimer leaves, the guests continue to have a merry time. They discuss Mr. Micawbers prospects in the brewing business and conclude that they are very good.As his friends leave, David suggests to Traddles that he neither lend anything to Mr. Micawber nor allow Micawber to use Traddless name to take out more credit. Traddles says he has already lent Mr. Micaw ber his name and adds that Mr. Micawber says that the bill is taken care of. Skeptical, David reflects that he is very glad Mr. Micawber never asked him for any money. Steerforth appears in Davids apartment immediately after the others leave, and David tells him Traddles has just left. Steerforth does not speak highly of Traddles, and David is slightly offended.Steerforth reveals that he has been seafaring at Yarmouth. David tells him that Littimer has just been at the apartment looking for him. Steerforth says that Mr. Barkis is quite ill and delivers a letter from Peggotty to David. Steerforth remarks that it is too bad that Mr. Barkis is dying, but says that above all, a man must ride over all obstacles, and win the race avid resolves to go visit Peggotty, but Steerforth persuades David to accompany him to his mothers house before going to Yarmouth. As David undresses, he discovers a letter Mr. Micawber gave him as he left. It says that Mr.Micawber has not taken care of the debt he secured in Traddless name. Summary Chapter XXIX. I visit Steerforth at his Home, again At Steerforths home, David spends the day with Miss Dartle and Mrs. Steerforth. Miss Dartle asks David why he has been keeping Steerforth away from his mother. David assures her that he has not been with Steerforth in the past several weeks. Miss Dartle seems very disturbed at this news. At dinner, Miss Dartle says that if Steerforth and his mother were ever to quarrel, their fight would be especially bitter because neither of them would want to give in to the other.However, Mrs. Steerforth assures Miss Dartle that she and her son are too conscious of their duty to each other ever to quarrel. At the end of the day, Steerforth begs David to promise that if anything ever separates them, David will remember him at his best. David promises. As he leaves, he looks in on the sleeping Steerforth. In retrospect, the adult David muses that he wishes he could have kept Steerforth just as he was at that moment, so that none of what was to come ever would have happened. Summary Chapter XXX. A Loss When David arrives at Yarmouth, he visits Mr.Omer, who tells him that Little Emly has not seemed herself recently. Mr. Omer also says that Martha, a friend of Little Emlys, has been deficient since David was last in Yarmouth. David goes to Peggottys house, where Mr. Peggotty and Little Emly are sitting in the kitchen, helping Peggotty. David learns that Mr. Barkis is unconscious(p) and expected to die very soon. Mr. Peggotty says that Mr. Barkis will die with the receding tide. Little Emly seems unusually upset and hardly raises her eyes to say hello to David. Mr. Barkis dies as the tide recedes. Analysis Chapters XXVIIXXXIn this section, Dickens builds suspense about Steerforths future by conveying secondary characters speculations about Steerforths mysterious absence and by using Davids narrative voice to imply that their companionship will soon reach a crucial point. The suspense is heightened by the fact that we take note of Steerforths conspicuous absence far more than David, who is too busy with his new life in London and his love for Dora to notice that Steerforth has been gone. Littimers appearance at the dinner party highlights Steerforths absence and raises questions about him.Moreover, Steerforth himself behaves secretively and does not indicate why he is agitated. Finally, the adult Davids reflection on his last moments with Steerforth is particularly effective in creating suspense because the adult David has full knowledge of what has happened between himself and Steerforth but deliberately chooses not to reveal this information to us. The suspenseful mood of these chapters contrasts with the young Davids ignorance of coming events and with his jovial bearing with his friends. Dickens uses sea imagery in connection with Mr.Peggotty to imply that Mr. Peggotty has mystical, unknown powers. In addition to spending much of his time fishing at sea, Mr. Peggotty lives in a boat near the water with Little Emly and Ham, two children whose parents lost their lives to the sea. For Mr. Peggotty, the sea both provides sustenance for life and represents a force that can take life away. His correct prediction that Mr. Barkis will die with the outgoing tide suggests that Mr. Peggotty gleans information from the sea that other characters cannot access. In this section of the novel, it seems that the sea allows Mr.Peggotty to understand and deal with death, unlike less mystical characters such as David, who feel confused and upset upon the death of Mr. Barkis. The contrast between Traddles and Steerforth in this section underscores Steerforths fickle nature. The two young men are physical and emotional opposites Traddles is the fat and wimpy boy at school while Steerforth is beautiful and heroic. Yet the true nature of these characters lies beneath the contrasting exteriors. Traddles, despite his shabby appearance, is generous and loyal, both at Salem House and here, when he encounters David in London.In contrast, Steerforth, though handsome, is self-centered and disloyal. Although earlier Steerforth supports Traddles and David equally at Salem House, his derision of Traddles now raises questions about the sincerity of his friendship with David. Dickens draws out the contrast between Traddles and Steerforth in subsequent chapters, always to Traddless advantage. By doing so, he forces us to question Steerforths character and Davids relationship with him. Davids defense of Traddles in the face of Steerforths insults represents a major step in Davids coming of age.David has long seen Steerforth as a hero and has esteemed Steerforths every word and action while blinding himself to Steerforths faults. Now, however, Davids willingness to defend Traddles against Steerforth indicates that he is beginning to form opinions independently of Steerforth. David has also begun to see the good in the free and somewhat ridiculous Tradd les. This new independence of thought and this ability to see beyond class and formula to the real good in people are crucial elements of Davids maturation.Though it eventually takes a traumatic event to make David see the bad in Steerforth, his ability to see the good in Traddles is an important first step. Chapters XXXIXXXIV Summary Chapter XXXI. A greater Loss After Mr. Barkiss death, David stays in Yarmouth to help Peggotty arrange her affairs. He discovers that Mr. Barkis has left Peggotty a sizable inheritance and has also left money for Mr. Peg